Behavioral Education for Human, Animal, Vegetation, and Ecosystem Management (BEHAVE)
BEHAVE is a research and outreach program that explores the principles of animal behavior. Our primary focus is on diet and habitat selection of livestock. Understanding how animals learn will enable us to train animals to fit our landscapes rather than having to modify our landscapes to fit our animals. Using grazing as a tool will reduce our use of expensive machinery, fossil fuels and toxic herbicides. By understanding how animals learn we can use their natural behaviors to manage weeds, enhance biodiversity, improve feeding systems, minimize use of riparian areas and much more.

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2010

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Effect of Season on Chemical Composition and in situ Degradability in Cows and in Adapted and Unadapted Goats of Three Mexican Browse Species, L. M. Camacho, R. Rojo, A. Z.M. Salem, Frederick D. Provenza, G. D. Mendoza, F. Avilés, and O. D. Montañez-Valdez

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Dynamics of the Volatile Defense of Winter “Dormant” Balsam Poplar (Populus balsamifera), Thomas P. Clausen, Janice Chen, John P. Bryant, Frederick D. Provenza, and Juan J. Villalba

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The Role of Natural Plant Products in Modulating the Immune System: An Adaptable Approach for Combating Disease in Grazing Animals, Frederick D. Provenza and Juan J. Villalba

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Selection of Tannins by Sheep in Response to Gastrointestinal Nematode Infection, Juan J. Villalba, Frederick D. Provenza, Jeffery O. Hall, and L. D. Lisonbee

2009

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Behavioral Factors in Rotational Grazing Systems, Mark W. Brunson and E. A. Burritt

Behavioral Factors in Rotational Grazing Systems, Mark W. Brunson and Elizabeth A. Burritt

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Neem-Tree (Azadirachta indica Juss.) Extract as a Feed Additive Against the American Dog Tick (Dermacentor variabilis) in Sheep (Ovis aries), S. Y. Landau, Frederick D. Provenza, D. R. Gardner, J. A. Pfister, E. L. Knoppel, C. Peterson, D. Kababya, G. R. Needham, and Juan J. Villalba

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Effects of Tannin on Selection by Sheep of Forages Containing Alkaloids, Tannins and Saponins, Larry D. Lisonbee, Juan J. Villalba, and Frederick D. Provenza

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Tannins and Self-Medication: Implications for Sustainable Parasite Control in Herbivores, Larry D. Lisonbee, Juan J. Villalba, Frederick D. Provenza, and Jeffery O. Hall

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Supplemental Polyethylene Glycol Affects Intake of and Preference for Sericea Lespedeza by Cattle, Greg K. Mantz, Juan J. Villalba, and Frederick D. Provenza

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Relationship between Reluctance to Eat Novel Foods and Open-Field Behavior in Sheep, Juan J. Villalba, Xavier Manteca, and Frederick D. Provenza

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Learning and Dietary Choice in Herbivores, Juan J. Villalba and Frederick D. Provenza

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Rumen Distension and Contraction Influence Feed Preference by Sheep, Juan J. Villalba, Frederick D. Provenza, and Rusty Stott

2008

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Dietary Monoterpene Concentrations Influence Feeding Patterns of Lambs, L. E. Dziba and Frederick D. Provenza

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Sheep Foraging Behavior in Response to Interactions among Alkaloids, Tannins and Saponins, Tiffany D. Lyman, Frederick D. Provenza, and Juan J. Villalba

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Is Dietary Choice Important to Animal Welfare?, Xavier Manteca, Juan J. Villalba, Sheldon B. Atwood, Luthando Dziba, and Frederick D. Provenza

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Sequence of Food Presentation Influences Intake of Foods Containing Tannins and Terpenes, Travis E. Mote, Juan J. Villalba, and Frederick D. Provenza

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What Does It Mean to Be Locally Adapted and Who Cares Anyway?, Frederick D. Provenza

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The Effect of Polyethylene Glycol on Intake of Mediterranean Shrubs by Sheep and Goats, J. Rogosic, J. A. Pfister, Frederick D. Provenza, and J. Pavlicevic

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Learned Appetites for Calcium, Phosphorus, and Sodium in Sheep, Juan J. Villalba, Frederick D. Provenza, and Jeffery O. Hall

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Food Color, Flavor, and Conditioned Avoidance among Red-Winged Blackbirds, Scott J. Werner, Bruce A. Kimball, and Frederick D. Provenza

2007

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How Does Pattern of Feeding and Rate of Nutrient Delivery Infuence Conditioned Food Preferences?, A. J. Duncan, C. Elwert, Juan J. Villalba, J. Yearsley, I. Pouloupoulou, and I. J. Gordon

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Supplemental Energy and Protein Increase Use of Sagebrush by Sheep, Luthando E. Dziba, Frederick D. Provenza, Juan J. Villalba, and Sheldon B. Atwood

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Relative Availability of Tannin- and Terpene-Containing Foods Affects Food Intake and Preference by Lambs, Travis E. Mote, Juan J. Villalba, and Frederick D. Provenza

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Patterns of Diet Mixing by Sheep Offered Foods Varying in Nutrients and Plant Secondary Compounds, Thomas G. Papachristou, Luthando E. Dziba, Juan J. Villalba, and Frederick D. Provenza

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The Value to Herbivores of Plant Physical and Chemical Diversity in Time and Space, Frederick D. Provenza, Juan J. Villalba, J. Haskell, Jennifer W. MacAdam, T. C. Griggs, and Randall D. Wiedmeier

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Self-Medication and Homeostatic Behaviour in Herbivores: Learning about the Benefits of Nature’s Pharmacy, Juan J. Villalba and Frederick D. Provenza

2006

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Intake of Lambs Offered Ad Libitum Access to One of Three Iso-Caloric and Iso-Nitrogenous Mixed Rations or a Choice of All Three Foods, Sheldon B. Atwood, Frederick D. Provenza, Juan J. Villalba, and Randall D. Wiedmeier

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Feeding Behavior of Lambs in Relation to Kinetics of 1,8-Cineole Dosed Intravenously or into the Rumen, Luthando E. Dziba, Jeffery O. Hall, and Frederick D. Provenza

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Foraging in Domestic Herbivores: Linking the Internal and External Milieux, Frederick D. Provenza and Juan J. Villalba

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The Effect of Activated Charcoal and Number of Species Offered on Intake of Mediterranean Shrubs by Sheep and Goats, Jozo Rogosic, James A. Pfister, Frederick D. Provenza, and Darko Grbesa

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Sheep and Goat Preference for and Nutritional Value of Mediterranean Maquis Shrubs, J. Rogosic, J. A. Pfister, Frederick D. Provenza, and D. Grbesa

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Influence of Stock Density and Rate and Temporal Patterns of Forage Allocation on the Diet Mixing Behavior of Sheep Grazing Sagebrush Steppe, Ryan A. Shaw, Juan J. Villalba, and Frederick D. Provenza

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Resource Availability and Quality Influence Patterns of Diet Mixing by Sheep, Ryan A. Shaw, Juan J. Villalba, and Frederick D. Provenza

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Phosphorus Appetite in Sheep: Dissociating Taste from Postingestive Effects, Juan J. Villalba, Frederick D. Provenza, Jeffery O. Hall, and C. Peterson

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Terpenes and Carbohydrate Source Influence Rumen Fermentation, Digestibility, Intake, and Preference in Sheep, Juan J. Villalba, Frederick D. Provenza, and K. C. Olson

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Initial Conditions and Temporal Delays Influence Preference for Foods High in Tannins and for Foraging Locations with and without Foods High in Tannins by Sheep, Juan J. Villalba, Frederick D. Provenza, and Ryan Shaw

2005

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Nutritional Context Influences Preferences of Lambs for Foods with Plant Secondary Metabolites, Elena Baraza, Juan J. Villalba, and Frederick D. Provenza

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Effect of Added Sugar on Preference and Intake by Sheep of Hay Cut in the Morning versus the Afternoon, Elizabeth A. Burritt, H. F. Mayland, Frederick D. Provenza, R. L. Miller, and J. C. Burns

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Flaws in Orr’s Laws (and the Paradigm that Produced Them): An Abbreviated Response, Nicole Haynes McCoy and Sheldon Atwood

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Foraging Ecology of Goats and Sheep on Wooded Rangelands, Thomas G. Papachristou, Luthando D. Dziba, and Frederick D. Provenza

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Foraging in Chemically Diverse Environments: Energy, Protein, and Alternative Foods Influence Ingestion of Plant Secondary Metabolites by Lambs, Juan J. Villalba and Frederick D. Provenza

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Proximal Cues of Pocket Gopher Burrow Plugging Behavior: Influence of Light, Burrow Openings, and Temperature, Scott J. Werner, Dale L. Nolte, and Frederick D. Provenza

2004

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Experience Influences Diet Mixing by Herbivores: Implications for Plant Biochemical Diversity, Juan J. Villalba, Frederick D. Provenza, and Guo-dong Han

2003

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Twenty-Five Years of Paradox in Plant-Herbivore Interactions and "Sustainable" Grazing Management, Frederick D. Provenza

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Foraging by Herbivores: Linking the Biochemical Diversity of Plants to Herbivore Culture and Landscape Diversity, Frederick D. Provenza, Juan J. Villalba, and John P. Bryant

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Linking Herbivore Experience, Varied Diets, and Plant Biochemical Diversity, Frederick D. Provenza, Juan J. Villalba, Luthando D. Dziba, Sheldon B. Atwood, and Roger E. Banner

2002

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Importance of Alternative Foods on the Persistence of Flavor Aversions: Implications for Applied Flavor Avoidance Learning, Bruce A. Kimball, Frederick D. Provenza, and Elizabeth A. Burritt

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Polyethylene Glycol Affects Goats' Feeding Behavior in a Tannin-Rich Environment, Serge Y. Landau, Avi Perevolotsky, Dorit Kababya, Nissim Silanikove, Ronit Nitzan, Hagit Baram, and Frederick D. Provenza

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Risk Management to Reduce Livestock Losses from Toxic Plants, James A. Pfister, Frederick D. Provenza, Kip E. Panter, Bryan L. Stegelmeier, and Karen L. Launchbaugh

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Polyethylene Glycol Influences Selection of Foraging Location by Sheep Consuming Quebracho Tannin, Juan J. Villalba and Frederick D. Provenza

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Influence of Macronutrients and Activated Charcoal on Intake of Sagebrush by Sheep and Goats, Juan J. Villalba, Frederick D. Provenza, and Roger E. Banner

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Influence of Macronutrients and Polyethylene Glycol on Intake of a Quebracho Tannin Diet by Sheep and Goats, Juan J. Villalba, Frederick D. Provenza, and Roger E. Banner

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Consequences of the Interaction between Nutrients and Plant Secondary Metabolites on Herbivore Selectivity: Benefits or Detriments for Plants?, Juan J. Villalba, Frederick D. Provenza, and J. P. Bryant

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Exposure to Ammoniated Wheat Straw as Suckling Calves Improves Performance of Mature Beef Cows Wintered on Ammoniated Wheat Straw, Randall D. Wiedmeier, Frederick D. Provenza, and Elizabeth A. Burritt

2001

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Changes in Preferences of Gestating Heifers Fed Untreated or Ammoniated Straw in Different Flavors, Sheldon B. Atwood, Frederick D. Provenza, Randall D. Wiedmeier, and Roger E. Banner

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Influence of Free-Choice vs Mixed-Ration Diets on Food Intake and Performance of Fattening Calves, Sheldon B. Atwood, Frederick D. Provenza, Randall D. Wiedmeier, and Roger E. Banner

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Herbivore Response to Anti-Quality Factors in Forages, K L. Launchbaugh, Frederick D. Provenza, and J A. Pfister

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Conditioned Food Aversion: From Theory to Practice, Michael H. Ralphs, Frederick D. Provenza, James A. Pfister, David Graham, Glenn C. Duff, and Gary Greathouse

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Use of Tannin-Binding Chemicals to Assay for Tannis and Their Negative Postingestive Effects in Ruminants, N. Silanikove, A. Perevolotsky, and Frederick D. Provenza

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Supplemental Polyethylene Glycol Influences Preferences of Goats Browsing Blackbrush, Christopher H. Titus, Frederick D. Provenza, Avi Perevolotsky, Nissim Silanikove, and Jozo Rogosic

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Preference for Polyethylene Glycol by Sheep Fed a Quebracho Tannin Diet, Juan J. Villalba and Frederick D. Provenza

2000

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Supplemental Barley and CharcoaI Increase Intake of Sagebrush by Lambs, Roger E. Banner, J. Rogosic, Elizabeth A. Burritt, and Frederick D. Provenza

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Sagebrush Ingestion by Lambs: Effects of Experience and Macronutrients, Elizabeth A. Burritt, Roger E. Banner, and Frederick D. Provenza

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Role of Toxins in Intake of Varied Diets by Sheep, Elizabeth A. Burritt and Frederick D. Provenza

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Short-Term Changes in Eating Patterns Explain the Effects of Condensed Tannins on Feed Intake in Heifers, S. Landau, N. Silanikove, Z. Nitsan, D. Barkai, H. Baram, Frederick D. Provenza, and A. Perevolotsky

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Science, Myth, and the Mangement of Natural Resources, Frederick D. Provenza

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Self-Regulation of Intake of Polyethylene Glycol by Sheep Fed Diets Varying in Tannin Concentrations, Frederick D. Provenza, Elizabeth A. Burritt, A. Perevolotsky, and N. Silanikove

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Roles of Odor, Taste, and Toxicity in the Food Preferences of Lambs: Implications for Mimicry in Plants, Frederick D. Provenza, Bruce A. Kimball, and Juan J. Villalba

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Lambs Fed Protein or Energy Imbalanced Diets Forage in Locations and on Foods that Rectify Imbalances, Lindsey L. Scott and Frederick D. Provenza

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Preferences for Foods Varying in Macronutrients and Tannins by Lambs Supplemented with Polyethylene Glycol, C. H. Titus, Frederick D. Provenza, A. Perevolotsky, and N. Silanikove

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Discriminating among Novel Foods: Effects of Energy Provision on Preferences of Lambs for Poor-Quality Foods, Juan J. Villalba and Frederick D. Provenza

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Postingestive Feedback from Starch Influences the Ingestive Behaviour of Sheep Consuming Wheat Straw, Juan J. Villalba and Frederick D. Provenza

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Roles of Flavor and Reward Intensities in Acquisition and Generalization of Food Preferences: Do Strong Plant Signals Always Deter Herbivory?, Juan J. Villalba and Frederick D. Provenza

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Roles of Novelty, Generalization, and Postingestive Feedback in the Recognition of Foods by Lambs, Juan J. Villalba and Frederick D. Provenza

1999

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Conditioned Food Aversions: Principles and Practices, with Special Reference to Social Facilitation, Michael H. Ralphs and Frederick D. Provenza

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Variation in Food Selection Among Lambs: Effects of Basal Diet and Foods Offered in a Meal, Lindsey L. Scott and Frederick D. Provenza

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Effects of Food Structure and Nutritional Quality and Animal Nutritional State on Intake Behaviour and Food Preferences of Sheep, Juan J. Villalba and Frederick D. Provenza

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Nutrient-Specific Preferences by Lambs Conditioned with Intraruminal Infusions of Starch, Casein, and Water, Juan J. Villalba and Frederick D. Provenza

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Preference for Flavored Wheat Straw by Lambs Conditioned with Intraruminal Infusions of Starch Administered at Different Times After Straw Ingestion, Juan J. Villalba, Frederick D. Provenza, and Jozo Rogosic

1998

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A Rule of Thumb in Mammalian Herbivores?, Magnus Augner, Frederick D. Provenza, and Juan J. Villalba

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Food Flavor and Nutritional Characteristics Alter Dynamics of Food Preference in Lambs, David M. Early and Frederick D. Provenza

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Social and Environmental Factors Influence Cattle Distribution on Rangeland, Larry D. Howery, Frederick D. Provenza, Roger E. Banner, and Cody B. Scott

How Do Domestic Herbivores Select Nutritious Diets on Rangelands?, Larry D. Howery, Frederick D. Provenza, and George B. Ruyle

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How Do Animals Learn if Rangeland Plants are Toxic or Nutritious?, Larry D. Howery, Frederick D. Provenza, George B. Ruyle, and Nancy C. Jordan

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Eating Barley Too Frequently or in Excess Decreases Lambs’ Preference for Barley but Sodium Bicarbonate and Lasalocid Attenuate the Response, Timothy S. Phy and Frederick D. Provenza

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Sheep Fed Grain Prefer Foods and Solutions That Attenuate Acidosis, Timothy S. Phy and Frederick D. Provenza

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Self-Organization of Foraging Behaviour: From Simplicity to Complexity without Goals, Frederick D. Provenza, Juan J. Villalba, Carl D. Cheney, and Scott J. Werner

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Variety of Foods and Flavors Affects Selection of Foraging Location by Sheep, Lindsey L. Scott and Frederick D. Provenza

1997

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Effect of an Unfamiliar Location on the Consumption of Novel and Familiar Foods by Sheep, Elizabeth A. Burritt and Frederick D. Provenza

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Overcoming Food Neophobia in Domestic Ruminants through Addition of a Familiar Flavor and Repeated Exposure to Novel Foods, K. L. Launchbaugh, Frederick D. Provenza, and M. J. Werkmeister

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Tall Larkspur Ingestion: Can Cattle Regulate Intake Below Toxic Levels?, James A. Pfister, Frederick D. Provenza, Gary D. Manners, Dale R. Gardner, and Michael H. Ralphs

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Preference for Flavored Wheat Straw by Lambs Conditioned with Intraruminal Infusions of Acetate and Propionate, Juan J. Villalba and Frederick D. Provenza

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Preference for Flavoured Foods by Lambs Conditioned with Intraruminal Administration of Nitrogen, Juan J. Villalba and Frederick D. Provenza

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Preference for Wheat Straw by Lambs Conditioned with Intraruminal Infusions of Starch, Juan J. Villalba and Frederick D. Provenza

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Dynamics of Preference by Sheep Offered Foods Varying in Flavors, Nutrients, and a Toxin, Jian Wang and Frederick D. Provenza

1996

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Differences in Home Range and Habitat Use among Individuals in a Cattle Herd, Larry D. Howery, Frederick D. Provenza, Roger E. Banner, and Cody B. Scott

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Acquired Aversions as the Basis for Varied Diets of Ruminants Foraging on Rangelands, Frederick D. Provenza

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Amount of Experience and Prior Illness Affect the Acquisition and Persistence of Conditioned Food Aversions in Lambs, Frederick D. Provenza and Elizabeth A. Burritt

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Preference of Sheep for Foods Varying in Flavors and Nutrients, Frederick D. Provenza, Cody B. Scott, Timothy S. Phy, and Justin J. Lynch