ECE Faculty Publications

Automated Abnormal Mass Detection in the Mammogram Images Using Chebyshev Moments

Alireza Talebpour et al. — Wed, 06 Feb 2013 13:47:01 PST

Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer mortality among women after lung cancer. Early diagnosis of this disease has a major role in its treatment. Thus the use of computer systems as a detection tool could be viewed as essential to helping with this disease. In this study a new system for automated mass detection in mammography images is presented as being more accurate and valid. After optimization of the image and extracting a better picture of the breast tissue from the image and applying log-polar transformation, Chebyshev moments can be calculated in all areas of breast tissue. Then after extracting effective features in the diagnosis of mammography images, abnormal masses, which are important for the physician and specialists, can be determined with applying the appropriate threshold. To check the system performance, images in the MIAS (Mammographic Image Analysis Society) mammogram database have been used and the results allowed us to draw a FROC (Free Response Receiver Operating Characteristic) curve. When compared the FROC curve with similar systems experts, the high ability of our system was confirmed. In this system, images of different thresholds, specifically 445, 450, 455 are processed and then put through a sensitivity analysis. The process garnered good results 100, 92 and 84%, respectively and a false positive rate per image 2.56, 0.86, 0.26, respectively have been calculated. Comparing other automatic mass detection systems, the proposed method has a few advantages over prior systems: Our process allows us to determine the amount of false positives and/or sensitivity parameters within the system. This can be determined by the importance of the detection work being done. The proposed system achieves 100% sensitivity and 2.56 false positive for every image.

System Considerations for the Lithium Niobate Photonic Switching Technology

W. A. Payne et al. — Thu, 10 Jun 2010 20:44:25 PDT

This book is a collection of papers presented at the First Topical Meeting on Photonic Switching, which was held in March 1987 in conjunction with the Second Topical Meeting on Optical Computing. More than 500 scientists attended these meetings - a measure of the growing worldwide interest in optical techniques for switching and signal processing. The goal of the photonic switching meeting was to provide a forum for the presentation of original papers on devices and architectures suitable for switching, multiplexing or routing of optical signals. A further intention was to foster the interaction between two groups that have a commmon interest in exploring possible applications of photonic switching technology: people working on optical switching devices and components, and people working on future switching systems and networks. The contributions in the first part are on subjects of broad interest and point out some of the practical problems that must be solved if optical switching and signal-processing techniques are to be widely adopted. The remaining papers give a good indication of the current state of the art. They illustrate the wide variety of materials and devices that are now being investigated and the wide variety of systems applications that are envisaged. It is clear that much progress must be made before photonic switching can have a major impact, but given the high level of interest and activity, that time may be soon.

Photonic Switching and Optical Computing Based on Free-Space Digital Optics

Harvard Scott Hinton — Thu, 10 Jun 2010 20:44:24 PDT

This paper reviews the optical hardware required for photonic switching and optical computing systems that are based on free-space digital optics. It includes a comparison of the devices, interconnects, and systems that have been proposed for both types of systems.

Optical Time-Switching Systems

Harvard Scott Hinton — Thu, 10 Jun 2010 20:44:24 PDT

Within recent years there has been a significant amount of interest in applying the new and developing photonics technology for telecommunications switching. As the transmission plant has converted its facilities to fibre there is an economic interest in completing the optical path through the switching system to the terminal facilities without requiring optical-to-electrical conversions. This paper reviews some of the proposed switching systems that use time-multiplexed switching and discusses how, and if, they could fit into current telecommunications networks.

Photonic Switching in Communication Systems

Harvard Scott Hinton — Thu, 10 Jun 2010 20:44:24 PDT

Space-Division Switching

Harvard Scott Hinton et al. — Thu, 10 Jun 2010 20:44:23 PDT

Photonics in Switching provides a broad, balanced overview of the use of optics or photonics in switching, from materials and devices to system architecture. The chapters, each written by an expert in the field, survey the key technologies, setting them in context and highlighting their benefits and possible applications. This book is a valuable resource for those working in the communications industry, either at the professional or student level, who do not have extensive background knowledge or the underlying physics of the technology.

Photonic Switching Fabrics Based on S-SEED Arrays

Harvard Scott Hinton — Thu, 10 Jun 2010 20:44:23 PDT

This book outlines the current status of research in photonic switching and details the latest scientific achievements and trends in this field. The topics treated include guided-wave devices, optically controlled devices, space-division switching, free-space and wavelength-based switching and devices, and packet switching. Several contributions provide a broad overview of some of the most rapidly developing areas, such as optical amplifiers, nonlinear optical devices, and free-space digital optics. This is an ideal reference book for researchers wishing to learn about and understand the recent rapid progress in photonic switching.

Photonic Switching II: Proceedings of the International Topical Meeting

Kunio Tada et al. — Thu, 10 Jun 2010 20:44:22 PDT

IEEE Reprints on Photonic Switching

Harvard Scott Hinton et al. — Thu, 10 Jun 2010 20:44:22 PDT

OSA Proceedings on Photonic Switching

John E. Midwinter et al. — Thu, 10 Jun 2010 20:44:22 PDT

Optical Logic Elements

Harvard Scott Hinton — Thu, 10 Jun 2010 20:44:21 PDT

OSA Proceedings on Photonic Switching

Harvard Scott Hinton et al. — Thu, 10 Jun 2010 20:44:21 PDT

Optoelectronic Interconnects III

Ray T. Chen et al. — Thu, 10 Jun 2010 20:44:20 PDT

An Introduction to Photonic Switching Fabrics

Harvard Scott Hinton et al. — Thu, 10 Jun 2010 20:44:20 PDT

In response to the increasing interest in developing photonic switching fabrics, this book gives an overview of the many technologies from a systems designer's perspective. Optically transparent devices, optical logic devices, and optical hardware are all discussed in detail and set into a systems context. Comprehensive, up-to-date, and profusely illustrated, the work will provide a foundation for the field, especially as broadband services are more fully developed.

Photonic Switching and Interconnects

A. Marrakchi — Thu, 10 Jun 2010 20:44:20 PDT

This volume offers state-of-the-art research on photonic switching and interconnects, describing a variety of systems used in optical telecommunications and computer networking and analyzing the performance of many optical components used in these systems. The book examines a host of optical components, including integrated optical switches, arrays of surface-emitting lasers, two-dimensional spatial light modulators, microlenses and self-electro-optic effect devices.

Architectural Considerations for Photonic Switching Networks

Harvard S. Hinton — Thu, 10 Jun 2010 20:44:19 PDT

Photonic technologies are reviewed that could become important components of future telecommunication systems. Photonic devices and systems are divided into two classes according to the function they perform. The first class, relational, refers to devices, that map the input channels to the output channels under external control. The second class, logic, perform some type or combination of Boolean logic functions. Some of the strengths and weaknesses of operating in the photonic domain are presented. Relational devices and their applications are discussed. Optical logic devices and their potential applications are reviewed.

Photonic Switching Technology Applications

Harvard S. Hinton — Thu, 10 Jun 2010 20:44:19 PDT

Photonic Switching Connects to the Future

Harvard S. Hinton — Thu, 10 Jun 2010 20:44:19 PDT

Switching to Photonics

Harvard S. Hinton — Thu, 10 Jun 2010 20:44:18 PDT

The use of hardware that exploits the interplay of photons and electrons to switch voice, data, and video is discussed. The two directions being taken by current research-guided-wave and free-space photonics-are examined. Photonic time-slot interchanges are described. Multidivisional fabrics, based on a combination of space-division and time-division multiplexing, are considered, as is the wavelength-division-based photonic packet switch, another kind of multidimensional fabric. The use of self-electrooptic effect devices, (SEEDs) is discussed.

Symmetric Self-Electro-Optic Effect Device: Optical Set-Reset Latch, Differential Logic Gate, and Differential Modulator/Detector

Anthony L. Lentine et al. — Thu, 10 Jun 2010 20:44:18 PDT

The symmetric self-electrooptic-effect device (S-SEED), a structure consisting of two p-i-n diodes electrically connected in series and acting as an optically bistable set-reset latch, is discussed. Applications and extensions of this device are also discussed. The devices do not require the critical biasing that is common to most optically bistable devices and thus is more useful for system applications. They have been optically cascaded in a photonic ring counter and have been used to perform different NOR, OR, NAND, and AND logic functions. Using the same device, a differential modulator that generates a set of complementary output beams with a single voltage control lead and a differential detector that gives an output voltage dependent on the ratio of the two optical input powers have been demonstrated.