Copyright (c) 2013 Utah State University All rights reserved. http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/ub_biochem Recent documents in Biochemistry en-us Sun, 27 Jan 2013 06:46:42 PST 3600 http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/ub_biochem/39 http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/ub_biochem/39 Mon, 25 Jun 2012 14:36:07 PDT The purpose of this video is to help second-year organic chemistry students review the concepts and questions that most frequently appear on standardized entrance exams, like the MCAT, DAT, PCAT, and GRE. In this video I'll review the following organic oxidation reactions: KMnO4 ,acidic chromate, and MnO2 oxidations; Alkene epoxidation; reacting epoxides with Grignard reagents; reacting alkynes with HgSO4 and H3O+; ozonolysis of alkenes and alkynes; and OsO4 oxidation of alkenes. --Dr. Mike Christiansen from Utah State University.

]]> Mike A. Christiansen http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/ub_biochem/38 http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/ub_biochem/38 Mon, 25 Jun 2012 14:36:06 PDT The purpose of this video is to help second-year organic chemistry students review the concepts and questions that most frequently appear on standardized entrance exams, like the MCAT, DAT, PCAT, and GRE. In this video I'll review the following reduction reactions: hydrogenations of alkenes and alkynes, reductive amination, and Clemmensen and Wolff-Kishner reductions. I'll also teach you the following organometallic reactions: Grignard reactions; hydride (sodium borohydride, lithium aluminum hydride, and DIBAL hydride) reductions of carbonyl compounds; protecting carbonyls as ketals and acetals; cuprate and Suzuki coupling reactions; olefin metathesis; and the Wittig reaction. --Dr. Mike Christiansen from Utah State University.

]]> Mike A. Christiansen http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/ub_biochem/37 http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/ub_biochem/37 Mon, 25 Jun 2012 14:36:05 PDT The purpose of this video is to help second-year organic chemistry students review the concepts and questions that most frequently appear on standardized entrance exams, like the MCAT, DAT, PCAT, and GRE. In this video I'll review addition and radical reactions: adding HX, H2O, ROH, and X2 to alkenes and alkynes, hydroboration/oxidation reactions with alkenes and alkynes, radical halogenations of alkanes, radical halogenations of alkenes with X2 and NBS, adding and adding HX to ethers. I'll also help you to be able to spot carbocation rearrangements and identify kinetic and thermodynamic products. --Dr. Mike Christiansen from Utah State University.

]]> Mike A. Christiansen http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/ub_biochem/36 http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/ub_biochem/36 Mon, 25 Jun 2012 14:36:04 PDT The purpose of this video is to help second-year organic chemistry students review the concepts and questions that most frequently appear on standardized entrance exams, like the MCAT, DAT, PCAT, and GRE. In this video I'll review Diels-Alder reactions, 1,2 and 1,4 additions to carbonyls, and acid decarboxylations. --Dr. Mike Christiansen from Utah State University.

]]> Mike A. Christiansen http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/ub_biochem/35 http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/ub_biochem/35 Mon, 25 Jun 2012 14:36:03 PDT The purpose of this video is to help second-year organic chemistry students review the concepts and questions that most frequently appear on standardized entrance exams, like the MCAT, DAT, PCAT, and GRE. I'll here teach you how to sort molecules according to acidity and basicity. I'll also review the following carbonyl condensation and related reactions: the aldol reaction, the Claisen and intramolecular diketone condensations, and the malonic ester synthesis. --Dr. Mike Christiansen from Utah State University.

]]> Mike A. Christiansen http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/ub_biochem/34 http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/ub_biochem/34 Mon, 25 Jun 2012 10:57:42 PDT The purpose of this video is to help second-year organic chemistry students review the concepts and questions that most frequently appear on standardized entrance exams, like the MCAT, DAT, PCAT, and GRE. In this video I'll teach you how to produce IUPAC names for simple organic molecules and recognize the IUPAC suffixes for different functional groups, as well as how to identify any atom's hybridization and explain, in terms of atomic and molecular orbitals, what that actually means. --Dr. Mike Christiansen from Utah State University.

]]> Mike A. Christiansen http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/ub_biochem/33 http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/ub_biochem/33 Mon, 25 Jun 2012 10:57:41 PDT The purpose of this video is to help second-year organic chemistry students review the concepts and questions that most frequently appear on standardized entrance exams, like the MCAT, DAT, PCAT, and GRE. In this video I'll teach you how to arrange molecules in order of highest to lowest boiling point, highest to lowest acidity, and highest to lowest solubility in a given solvent. This requires a review of intermolecular forces: London (Van der Waals) forces, dipole-dipole, and hydrogen-bonding. I'll also teach you how to identify a compound's empirical formula and its "degrees of unsaturation," how to predict which reaction in a series will be the most exothermic or endothermic (enthalpy), and how to compare two isomers and identify their isomeric relationship. --Dr. Mike Christiansen from Utah State University.

]]> Mike A. Christiansen http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/ub_biochem/32 http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/ub_biochem/32 Mon, 25 Jun 2012 10:57:40 PDT The purpose of this video is to help second-year organic chemistry students review the concepts and questions that most frequently appear on standardized entrance exams, like the MCAT, DAT, PCAT, and GRE. In this video I'll share a personal anecdote about sign language the International House of Pancakes (IHOP). Then I'll continue by explaining chirality and teaching you how to assign R and S configurations to molecules that have stereocenters (also called chiral centers). I'll teach you how to assign molecules as being enantiomers or diastereomers, how to assign alkenes as being E or Z, and how to identify meso compounds. I'll also teach you how to calculate the number of possible stereoisomers that can exist for a certain structure, and I'll define the term "epimers." --Dr. Mike Christiansen from Utah State University.

]]> Mike A. Christiansen http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/ub_biochem/31 http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/ub_biochem/31 Mon, 25 Jun 2012 10:57:40 PDT The purpose of this video is to help second-year organic chemistry students review the concepts and questions that most frequently appear on standardized entrance exams, like the MCAT, DAT, PCAT, and GRE. In this video I'll teach you the mechanisms and details of substitution and elimination reactions and how to distinguish between SN1, E1, SN2, and E2 reactions. I'll teach you about dehydrations (really just eliminations of water) and the stereochemical requirements for eliminations to occur inside and outside of ringed molecules. --Dr. Mike Christiansen from Utah State University.

]]> Mike A. Christiansen http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/ub_biochem/30 http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/ub_biochem/30 Mon, 25 Jun 2012 10:57:39 PDT The purpose of this video is to help second-year organic chemistry students review the concepts and questions that most frequently appear on standardized entrance exams, like the MCAT, DAT, PCAT, and GRE. In this video I'll teach you how to determine if a compound is aromatic, non-aromatic, or anti-aromatic. I'll also teach you how to name monosubstituted benzenes, and I'll review electrophilic (and nucleophilic) aromatic substitution reactions. I'll help you to distinguish between ortho/para-directing substituents and meta-directing substituents, and I'll teach you how to predict the products of aromatic substitutions of substituted benzenes. I'll review Clemmensen and Wolff-Kishner reductions, radical halogenation of benzyl carbons, benzylic oxidations, and diazonium salt formation, and I'll help you to apply all of this to total synthesis. --Dr. Mike Christiansen from Utah State University.

]]> Mike A. Christiansen http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/ub_biochem/29 http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/ub_biochem/29 Mon, 25 Jun 2012 10:57:38 PDT The purpose of this video is to help second-year organic chemistry students review the concepts and questions that most frequently appear on standardized entrance exams, like the MCAT, DAT, PCAT, and GRE. In this video I'll begin with a "stunt video" of me hanging on top of my friend's speeding 1979 Chevy Vega. I'll then teach you how to use infrared (IR) spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry to determine a molecule's structure. --Dr. Mike Christiansen from Utah State University.

]]> Mike A. Christiansen http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/ub_biochem/28 http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/ub_biochem/28 Mon, 25 Jun 2012 10:57:37 PDT The purpose of this video is to help second-year organic chemistry students review the concepts and questions that most frequently appear on standardized entrance exams, like the MCAT, DAT, PCAT, and GRE. In this video I'll teach you how to use proton (1H) and carbon (13C) NMR spectroscopy to determine molecules' structures. And I'm telling you, this will make learning NMR easy! --Dr. Mike Christiansen from Utah State University.

]]> Mike A. Christiansen http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/ub_biochem/27 http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/ub_biochem/27 Fri, 22 Jun 2012 10:26:36 PDT In this video I'll continue teaching you about DNA and RNA (nucleic acid chemistry), beginning with my showing you how physical traits are passed on through DNA replication. I'll go on to teach you about transcription (DNA to mRNA) and translation (mRNA to tRNA to peptide/protein), and how these processes are used to actually form proteins from the information encoded in our DNA. And I'll conclude by teaching you about the polymerase-chain reaction (PCR). Many thanks to FreeScienceLectures.com for their video on DNA replication (see http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=teV62zrm2P0&feature=related), as well as to the DNA Learning Center for my use of their highly awesome educational videos on DNA replication (see http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4jtmOZaIvS0), transcription (see http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5MfSYnItYvg), and translation (see http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8dsTvBaUMvw). Whew! --Dr. Mike Christiansen from Utah State University.

]]> Mike A. Christiansen http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/ub_biochem/26 http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/ub_biochem/26 Thu, 21 Jun 2012 15:34:59 PDT Mike A. Christiansen http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/ub_biochem/25 http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/ub_biochem/25 Thu, 21 Jun 2012 15:34:58 PDT In this video I'll continue teaching you about carbohydrate chemistry. I'll teach you how to inter-covert between open- and close-chained forms of monosaccharides, illustrating their pyranose and furanose forms. I also teach you about alpha vs. beta sugars, which are called anomers, and I compare chair conformations with Haworth projections. I'll also teach you how to form glycosides from simple monosaccharides, with the mechanism. I'll introduce you to a few polysaccharides, which include starch (amylose + amylopectin) and cellulose. I'll further teach you what causes people to have different blood types, and what sugar patterns cause the different kinds of human blood types. I conclude by addressing synthetic sweeteners, including saccharin, dulcin, acesulfame potassium, aspartame, sodium cyclamate, and sucralose. --Dr. Mike Christiansen from Utah State University.

]]> Mike A. Christiansen http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/ub_biochem/24 http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/ub_biochem/24 Thu, 21 Jun 2012 15:34:57 PDT In this video I'll teach you about protein chemistry. I'll begin by teaching you about amino acids and their structures, including the 20 most common amino acids found in all living things. These are separated into four different categories, according to structure, for which I've created different humorous acronyms, to help you memorize them. I'll teach you about amino acid stereochemistry (contrasting D and L amino acids), and the pKa of amino acids' various acidic groups, which explains why amino acids typically exist as zwitterions at physiological pH. I'll conclude by teaching you how to figure out an amino acid's predominant structure at any pH.

]]> Mike A. Christiansen http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/ub_biochem/23 http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/ub_biochem/23 Thu, 21 Jun 2012 15:34:56 PDT In this video I'll teach you more about protein chemistry. I'll begin by teaching you about amino acids' isolectric points (pI's), with a step-by-step explanation of how to calculate them. I conclude by teaching about electrophoresis: how to predict the direction and relative magnitude of migration. --Dr. Mike Christiansen from Utah State University.

]]> Mike A. Christiansen http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/ub_biochem/22 http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/ub_biochem/22 Thu, 21 Jun 2012 15:34:55 PDT In this video I'll teach you more about protein chemistry. I'll begin by sharing video footage of a practical joke my friends and I used to do, called "screaming in the bathroom." I'll teach you about thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and amino acid synthesis using the Hell-Volhard-Zelinski reaction, reductive amination, a combined malonic ester/Gabriel synthesis (with the mechanism), and the Strecker synthesis. I go on to introduce peptide synthesis, as well as peptide structure, including disulfide bridges. --Dr. Mike Christiansen from Utah State University.

]]> Mike A. Christiansen http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/ub_biochem/21 http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/ub_biochem/21 Thu, 21 Jun 2012 15:34:54 PDT In this video I'll teach and describe to you more about proteins' primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures, including a description of alpha helices, beta-pleated sheets, and random coils or loops. I'll also explain various techniques used to determine protein structure, including disulfide bond cleavage, acidic hydrolysis, Edman degradation, and peptide fragmentation using trypsin and chymotrypsin. --Dr. Mike Christiansen from Utah State University.

]]> Mike A. Christiansen http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/ub_biochem/20 http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/ub_biochem/20 Thu, 21 Jun 2012 15:34:54 PDT In this video I'll give you a brief and superficial introduction to catalysis, explaining how catalysts work in chemical and biological systems, and defining the term "anchimeric assistance." --Dr. Mike Christiansen from Utah State University.

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