1. Dataset Title: Seam Shifted Wake in the Magnus and non-Magnus Directions 2. Name and contact information of PI: a. Name: John Garrett b. Institution: Utah State University c. Address: 4130 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 d. Email: johnwgarrett20@gmail.com a. Name: Barton Smith b. Institution: Utah State University c. Address: 4130 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 d. Email: barton.smith@usu.edu e. ORCiD ID: 0000-0002-1461-5888 4. Project summary, description or abstract: An experiment was conducted to investigate the Seam Shifted Wake effect in the Magnus and non-Magnus directions. Previous studies indicate the location of seams can alter wake formation and create forces acting on a ball due to a difference in pressure. The impact on movement was as expected in the non-Magnus direction, but studies show a SSW effect in the Magnus direction as well. Particle Image Velocimetry was used in this study to analyze the boundary layer separation points of air flow around an official MLB ball in flight. Data was collected for non-rotating baseballs with a range of seam orientations and velocities of 60, 90, and 110 MPH, and for rotating baseballs with a velocity of 90 MPH and rotation rates of 1300, 1800, and 2300 RPM. Boundary layer separation maps were created to compare the non-Magnus baseball cases and the rotating baseball cases as well as the separation point of a smooth ball at the same velocity and rotation rates. The results of the non-rotating baseball cases show the SSW effect varies with Reynolds number. The results of the rotating baseball study show seams can act to advance the separation point or delay the separation point past the natural separation point of the turbulent boundary layer. This results in a SSW effect that can add to or subtract from the Magnus effect. 5. Brief description of collection and processing of data: A two-component planar Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) system is used to generate the air velocity vectors around baseballs in the plane parallel to the flow. The LaVision software shows the (x,y) location of the cursor in the image frame of each dataset. The coordinates of the center of the ball in the image is computed using the y-coordinate of the top- and bottom-most points and the x-coordinate of the left- and right-most points of the ball in the image. The angle between any point and the hemisphere plane is then computed using trigonometric functions. The angle from the hemisphere plane of the seams on the ball and the boundary layer separation point on the top and bottom of the ball is computed. The position of the seams is found using the raw PIV images. This location is defined as the point where the two leather pieces on the ball meet. This is easily identified as the center of the "m-shape" of the seams. The processed PIV images were analyzed to determine the separation point of the flow. This is where either a velocity vector is located normal to the surface of the ball, or two velocity vectors are pointing in opposite directions. This is more easily recognized by large vorticity values near the ball surface. The raw data was analyzed as a safeguard for potential poor masking to confirm the separation point found analyzing the processed data. The positions of the seams and the separation points were recorded in the Results CSVs. Both the 4-seam and 2-seam data for each study are found in the following CSVs: 6. Description of files (names, or if too numerous, number of files, file type(s): 90 MPH Non-Rotating: Results_90_0.CSV 60 MPH Non-Rotating: Results_60-110_0.CSV 110 MPH Non-Rotating: Results_60-110_0.CSV 90 MPH 1300 RPM: Results_90_1300.CSV 90 MPH 1300 RPM: Results_90_1800.CSV 90 MPH 1300 RPM: Results_90_2300.CSV The data is split in raw images and vector maps. The names of each file describe the dataset studied. The 60 MPH and 110 MPH studies used three specific baseballs, so the files are named as follows: VELOCITY_SPINRATE_BALL#_ORIENTATION_ID#. An example is 60_0_100_4S_001. The 60 MPH and 110 MPH studies were of non-rotating baseballs, so the SPINRATE portion of the file name is always 0. The BALL# is either 100, 111, or 115. The ORIENTATION is either 4S or 2S to denote a 4-seam or 2-seam orientation. The ID# is used to differentiate shots and organize the data. Garrett_Raw_Images1.zip contains 877 files: 60_0_100_2S_001 to 90_0_4S_161 Garrett_Raw_Images2.zip contains 901 files: 90_0_4S_162 to 110_0_111_2S_025 Garrett_Raw_Images3.zip contains 163 files: 110_0_111_4S_026 to 110_0_115_4S_036 Vector Maps.zip contains all vector maps There were many balls used for the non-rotating 90 MPH dataset, and as such, the ball # is not included in the file name. As the rotating 90 MPH study used one specific ball (048), the ball # is not included in the file name for this dataset either. The data for the 90 MPH studies are named as follows: VELOCITY_SPINRATE_ORIENTATION_ID#. The SPINRATE is either 0 (non-rotating), 1300, 1800, or 2300. The ORIENTATION is either 4S or 2S. Results.CSV column names: Ball #: Ball used for datapoint. Seam Height [thou]: Seam height of ball as measured with calipers. % Difference: The percentage difference of the seam height with the average seam height of the 72 ball sample size of 2019 MLB baseballs. ID#: The ID# of the PIV data image within each individual study, used to organize the data. Notes: Any noteworthy information for the image collected. The following columns either have a T or B in front of the column name. That means it applies to either the top or bottom hemisphere of the ball. Seam Closest to HP: The position of the seam closest to the hemisphere plane listed as an angle measured in degrees from the hemisphere plane. A positive angle is upwind of the hemisphere plane, a negative angle is downwind of the hemisphere plane. Other Seam: The position of the other seam in the same half of the ball, whether top half or bottom half. Difference: The angular distance between the two seams. Separation on HP Seam: Whether or not the boundary layer separated at the location of the seam nearest the hemisphere plane. Separation: The location of the boundary layer separation as measured with respect to the hemisphere plane. 8. Uncertainty, precision, and accuracy of measurements, if known: Note the location of the seams and the separation point was repeatable within 0.74° at 95% confidence. Garrett, J. W., “Seam Shifted Wake in the Magnus and non-Magnus Directions", MS Thesis, Utah State University, 2022.