Scanning Electron Microscopy of 2,8-Dihydroxyadenine Crystals and Stones

Authors

P. Winter, Urologische Universitätsklinik Bonn
A. Hesse, Experimentelle Urologie der Universitätsklinik Bonn
K. Klocke, Urologische Universitätsklinik Bonn
R. M. Schaefer, Urologische Universitätsklinik Bonn

Abstract

The lack of purine salvage enzyme, adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT), leads to 2,8-dihydroxyadenine stone formation and/or crystalluria because it is insoluble in urine. Urolithiasis composed of 2,8-dihydroxyadenine is not only formed in a complete defect of APRT, but also in a partial deficiency of this enzyme. The defect is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait, the homozygous state is associated with high urinary levels of 2,8-dihydroxyadenine and with crystalluria, calculus formation, and potential nephrotoxicity. Determination of the APRT activity will facilitate quantification of the enzyme deficiency and elucidation of the hereditary history. 2,8-dihydroxyadenine excretion in the 24-hour urine and its circadian rhythm were determined using a new method of high performance liquid chromatography determination. By means of a standard case presentation, we illustrate the analysis of urinary sediments and calculi as well as the scanning electron microscopic images of this kind of stone.

Recommended Citation

Winter, P.; Hesse, A.; Klocke, K.; and Schaefer, R. M. (1993) "Scanning Electron Microscopy of 2,8-Dihydroxyadenine Crystals and Stones," Scanning Microscopy: Vol. 7: No. 3, Article 31.
Available at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/microscopy/vol7/iss3/31