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Abstract

Lantana camara is a major invasive plant species in Zimbabwe. Its toxic effects pose a threat to livestock production, biodiversity, and development. A survey was carried out throughout the country to investigate the distribution of L. camara in Zimbabwe and assess the extent of its spread. Identification was done by toxicologists with the support of an experienced botanist from the National Herbarium of Zimbabwe. The location of the plants was identified using a portable Garmin eTrex® 10 Handheld GPS navigation device., and the coordinates were recorded. Quantum Geographic Information System (QGIS) was used to plot the map. L. camara was more prevalent on the eastern half of the country, with greater predominance on the central highveld and eastern border regions. Limited distribution was recorded in the southern, central-western parts and north-eastern extremes of the country. Few pockets were recorded in the south-western and western extremes of the country. Plant characteristics, natural and anthropogenic factors contribute to the spread of the plant. Varieties of L. camara encountered included the single color varieties: pink, purple, red, and white. The mixed bicolor varieties: pink/yellow, purple/yellow, pink/purple, pink /white, red/yellow, pink-edged/red mixed varieties, were also found. The most common and invasive varieties were the purple and pink varieties and their mixes. L. camara was found in various parts of the country in line with its invasiveness. The decrease from the eastern to the western parts of the country is driven by climatic factors. The presence of the multicolor varieties points to hybridization. Control of L.  camara should be done to reduce the impact of the plant on animal health, productivity, human nutrition, and development.

Corresponding Author

Frank Kapungu , University of Zimbabwe, [email protected]

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