Aspen Bibliography

Authors

Ralph Baierlein

Document Type

Report

Source

Friends of Northern Arizona Forests Flagstaff, AZ

First Page

1

Last Page

11

Publication Date

1-7-2015

Abstract

Initial damage caused by wild ungulates was minimal. In August 2013, a large elk pulled off five cones and destroyed three saplings on the exposed, eastern side of the exclosure. Although deer tracks were plentiful in the bare earth of the fire line, there was no evidence that deer had harmed the saplings. The combination of a cone and a mesh sleeve on the exposed saplings sufficed.

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