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Abstract

Background: Family involvement after a child has been identified as deaf or hard of hearing (DHH) is often recommended as “best practice” for Family Centered Early Intervention (FCEI; Szarkowski et al., 2024) and a catalyst for improved outcomes. Defining actions of a family will inform high-quality family support programs. This scoping review aims to explore and document family involvement as well as the current systems of measurement used in early intervention DHH family-centered services.

Purpose: The specific aim of this scoping review was to identify the operational definitions of family involvement and metrics used with families of children who are DHH.

Method: A scoping review examining family involvement metrics used in early intervention services with the DHH population was conducted in the PubMed database. Studies were included that were published between 2000 and 2025 and reported how they measured family engagement and/or family involvement in early intervention programs for children who are DHH.

Results: Nine hundred and ninety-eight studies were initially screened, with eleven articles included in the review.

Conclusions: Our analyses demonstrated a need for a comprehensive rubric to be used in early intervention programs designed for families of children who are DHH that includes asynchronous and synchronous family involvement opportunities.

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