Aspen Bibliography

Trophic Cascades and Yellowstone’s Aspen: A Reply to Fleming (2019)

Document Type

Article

Journal/Book Title/Conference

Forest Ecology and Management

Volume

454

Publisher

Elsevier BV

First Page

1

Last Page

3

Publication Date

5-29-2019

Abstract

Recent correspondence by Fleming (2019) identifies a number of concerns regarding the methods and conclusions used in the Beschta et al. (2018) study of wolves, elk, and aspen in Yellowstone National Park. Herein, we respond to those concerns and assertions. We also provide clarifying and supplemental information regarding two hypotheses: (1) trophic cascades and (2) human shielding. We conclude that there is strong support for both hypotheses.

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