Behavioral Education for Human, Animal, Vegetation, and Ecosystem Management (BEHAVE) is a research and outreach program that explores the principles of animal behavior. Our primary focus is on diet and habitat selection of livestock. Understanding how animals learn will enable us to train animals to fit our landscapes rather than having to modify our landscapes to fit our animals. Using grazing as a tool will reduce our use of expensive machinery, fossil fuels, and toxic herbicides. By understanding how animals learn, we can use their natural behaviors to manage weeds, enhance biodiversity, improve feeding systems, minimize use of riparian areas, and much more.

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1999

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Effects of Food Structure and Nutritional Quality and Animal Nutritional State on Intake Behaviour and Food Preferences of Sheep, Juan J. Villalba and Frederick D. Provenza; Applied Animal Behaviour Science

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Nutrient-Specific Preferences by Lambs Conditioned with Intraruminal Infusions of Starch, Casein, and Water, Juan J. Villalba and Frederick D. Provenza; Journal of Animal Science

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Preference for Flavored Wheat Straw by Lambs Conditioned with Intraruminal Infusions of Starch Administered at Different Times After Straw Ingestion, Juan J. Villalba, Frederick D. Provenza, and Jozo Rogosic; Journal of Animal Science

1998

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A Rule of Thumb in Mammalian Herbivores?, Magnus Augner, Frederick D. Provenza, and Juan J. Villalba; Animal Behaviour

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Food Flavor and Nutritional Characteristics Alter Dynamics of Food Preference in Lambs, David M. Early and Frederick D. Provenza; Journal of Animal Science

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Social and Environmental Factors Influence Cattle Distribution on Rangeland, Larry D. Howery, Frederick D. Provenza, Roger E. Banner, and Cody B. Scott; Applied Animal Behaviour Science

How Do Domestic Herbivores Select Nutritious Diets on Rangelands?, Larry D. Howery, Frederick D. Provenza, and George B. Ruyle; Cooperative Extension

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How Do Animals Learn if Rangeland Plants are Toxic or Nutritious?, Larry D. Howery, Frederick D. Provenza, George B. Ruyle, and Nancy C. Jordan; Rangelands

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Eating Barley Too Frequently or in Excess Decreases Lambs’ Preference for Barley but Sodium Bicarbonate and Lasalocid Attenuate the Response, Timothy S. Phy and Frederick D. Provenza; Journal of Animal Science

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Sheep Fed Grain Prefer Foods and Solutions That Attenuate Acidosis, Timothy S. Phy and Frederick D. Provenza; Journal of Animal Science

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Self-Organization of Foraging Behaviour: From Simplicity to Complexity without Goals, Frederick D. Provenza, Juan J. Villalba, Carl D. Cheney, and Scott J. Werner; Nutrition Research Reviews

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Variety of Foods and Flavors Affects Selection of Foraging Location by Sheep, Lindsey L. Scott and Frederick D. Provenza; Applied Animal Behaviour Science

1997

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Effect of an Unfamiliar Location on the Consumption of Novel and Familiar Foods by Sheep, Elizabeth A. Burritt and Frederick D. Provenza; Applied Animal Behaviour Science

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Overcoming Food Neophobia in Domestic Ruminants through Addition of a Familiar Flavor and Repeated Exposure to Novel Foods, K. L. Launchbaugh, Frederick D. Provenza, and M. J. Werkmeister; Applied Animal Behaviour Science

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Tall Larkspur Ingestion: Can Cattle Regulate Intake Below Toxic Levels?, James A. Pfister, Frederick D. Provenza, Gary D. Manners, Dale R. Gardner, and Michael H. Ralphs; Journal of Chemical Ecology

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Preference for Flavored Wheat Straw by Lambs Conditioned with Intraruminal Infusions of Acetate and Propionate, Juan J. Villalba and Frederick D. Provenza; Journal of Animal Science

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Preference for Flavoured Foods by Lambs Conditioned with Intraruminal Administration of Nitrogen, Juan J. Villalba and Frederick D. Provenza; British Journal of Nutrition

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Preference for Wheat Straw by Lambs Conditioned with Intraruminal Infusions of Starch, Juan J. Villalba and Frederick D. Provenza; British Journal of Nutrition

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Dynamics of Preference by Sheep Offered Foods Varying in Flavors, Nutrients, and a Toxin, Jian Wang and Frederick D. Provenza; Journal of Chemical Ecology

1996

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Differences in Home Range and Habitat Use among Individuals in a Cattle Herd, Larry D. Howery, Frederick D. Provenza, Roger E. Banner, and Cody B. Scott; Applied Animal Behaviour Science

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Acquired Aversions as the Basis for Varied Diets of Ruminants Foraging on Rangelands, Frederick D. Provenza; Journal of Animal Science

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Amount of Experience and Prior Illness Affect the Acquisition and Persistence of Conditioned Food Aversions in Lambs, Frederick D. Provenza and Elizabeth A. Burritt; Applied Animal Behaviour Science

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Preference of Sheep for Foods Varying in Flavors and Nutrients, Frederick D. Provenza, Cody B. Scott, Timothy S. Phy, and Justin J. Lynch; Journal of Animal Science

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Observations of Sheep Foraging in Familiar and Unfamiliar Environments: Familiarity with the Environment Influences Diet Selection, Cody B. Scott, Roger E. Banner, and Frederick D. Provenza; Applied Animal Behaviour Science

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Preference for Flavored Wheat Straw by Lambs Conditioned with Intraruminal Administrations of Sodium Propionate, Juan J. Villalba and Frederick D. Provenza; Journal of Animal Science

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Food Deprivation Affects Preference of Sheep for Foods Varying in Nutrients and a Toxin, Jian Wang and Frederick D. Provenza; Journal of Chemical Ecology

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Food Preference and Acceptance of Novel Foods by Lambs Depend on the Composition of the Basal Diet, Jian Wang and Frederick D. Provenza; Journal of Animal Science

1995

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Tracking Variable Environments: There is More than One Kind of Memory, Frederick D. Provenza; Journal of Chemical Ecology

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Postingestive Feedback as an Elementary Determinant of Food Preference and Intake in Ruminants, Frederick D. Provenza; Journal of Range Management

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Effects of a Flavor and Food Restriction on the Response of Sheep to Novel Foods, Frederick D. Provenza, Justin J. Lynch, and C. D. Cheney; Applied Animal Behaviour Science

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Effects of Energy Source and Food Flavor on Conditioned Preferences in Sheep, M. H. Ralphs, Frederick D. Provenza, Randall D. Wiedmeier, and Floyd B. Bunderson; Journal of Animal Science

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Dietary Habits and Social Interactions Affect Choice of Feeding Location by Sheep, Cody B. Scott, Frederick D. Provenza, and Roger E. Banner; Applied Animal Behaviour Science

1994

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The Effect of Flavor Concentration and Toxin Dose on the Formation and Generalization of Flavor Aversions in Lambs, Karen L. Launchbaugh and Frederick D. Provenza; Journal of Animal Science

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Socially Induced Food Avoidance in Lambs: Direct or Indirect Maternal Influence?, Sarwat N. Mirza and Frederick D. Provenza; Journal of Animal Science

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How Goats Learn to Distinguish Between Novel Foods That Differ in Postingestive Consequences, Frederick D. Provenza, Justin J. Lynch, Elizabeth A. Burritt, and Cody B. Scott; Journal of Chemical Ecology

Food Aversion Conditioned in Anesthetized Sheep, Frederick D. Provenza, Justin J. Lynch, and John V. Nolan; Physiology and Behavior

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Food Aversion Conditioned in Anesthetized Sheep, Frederick D. Provenza, Justin J. Lynch, and John V. Nolan; Physiology and Behavior

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Antiemetic Drugs Attenuate Food Aversions in Sheep, Frederick D. Provenza, Luis Ortega-Reyes, Cody B. Scott, Justin J. Lynch, and Elizabeth A. Burritt; Journal of Animal Science

1993

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Can Plants Practice Mimicry to Avoid Grazing by Mammalian Herbivores?, Karen L. Launchbaugh and Frederick D. Provenza; Oikos

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How Herbivores Track Variable Environments: Response to Variability of Phytotoxins, K. L. Launchbaugh, Frederick D. Provenza, and Elizabeth A. Burritt; Journal of Chemical Ecology

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Amount of Experience and Age Affect the Development of Foraging Skills of Goats Browsing Blackbrush (Coleogyne ramosissima), Luis Ortega-Reyes and Frederick D. Provenza; Applied Animal Behaviour Science

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Experience with Blackbrush Affects Ingestion of Shrub Live Oak by Goats, Luis Ortega-Reyes and Frederick D. Provenza; Journal of Animal Science

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The Relative Importance of Mother and Toxicosis in the Selection of Foods by Lambs, Frederick D. Provenza, Justin J. Lynch, and John V. Nolan; Journal of Chemical Ecology

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Temporal Contiguity between Food Ingestion and Toxicosis Affects the Acquisition of Food Aversions in Sheep, Frederick D. Provenza, John V. Nolan, and Justin J. Lynch; Applied Animal Behaviour Science

1992

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Lambs Form Preferences for Nonnutritive Flavors Paired with Glucose, Elizabeth A. Burritt and Frederick D. Provenza; Journal of Animal Science

Post-Exposure Performance of Lambs Exposed to Whole Barley Early in Life, P. G. Hatfield, L. Ortega-Reyes, Frederick D. Provenza, J. W. Walker, and H. A. Glimp; Sheep Research Journal

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Effects of Age and Conditions of Exposure on Maternally Mediated Food Selection by Lambs, Sarwat N. Mirza and Frederick D. Provenza; Applied Animal Behaviour Science

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Food Preferences in Lambs After Exposure to Flavors in Milk, Dale L. Nolte and Frederick D. Provenza; Applied Animal Behaviour Science

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Garlic in the Ovine Fetal Environment, Dale L. Nolte, Frederick D. Provenza, Robert Callan, and Kip E. Panter; Physiology and Behavior

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Drylot Performance and Ruminal Papillae Development of Lambs Exposed to a High Concentrate Diet while Nursing, L. Ortega-Reyes, Frederick D. Provenza, C. F. Parker, and P. G. Hatfield; Small Ruminant Research

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Behavioral Toxicology of Livestock Ingesting Plant Toxins, James A. Pfister, Carl D. Cheney, and Frederick D. Provenza; Journal of Range Management

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Mechanisms of Learning in Diet Selection with Reference to Phytotoxicosis in Herbivores, Frederick D. Provenza, James A. Pfister, and Carl D. Cheney; Journal of Range Management

1991

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Interactions between Woody Plants and Browsing Mammals Mediated by Secondary Metabolites, John P. Bryant, Frederick D. Provenza, John Pastor, Paul B. Reichardt, Thomas P. Clausen, and Johan T. du Toit; Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics

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Ability of Lambs to Learn with a Delay between Food Ingestion and Consequences Given Meals Containing Novel and Familiar Foods, Elizabeth A. Burritt and Frederick D. Provenza; Applied Animal Behaviour Science

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Experience Early in Life Affects Voluntary Intake of Blackbrush by Goats, Roberto A. Distel and Frederick D. Provenza; Journal of Chemical Ecology

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Conditioned Taste Aversions: How Sick Must a Ruminant Get Before It Learns About Toxicity in Foods?, J. T. du Toit, Frederick D. Provenza, and A. Nastis; Applied Animal Behaviour Science

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Learning and Memory in Grazing Livestock Application to Diet Selection, Karen L. Launchbaugh and Frederick D. Provenza; Rangelands

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Viewpoint: Range Science and Range Management are Complementary but Distinct Endeavors, Frederick D. Provenza; Journal of Range Management

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Socially Induced Diet Preference Ameliorates Conditioned Food Aversion in Lambs, Frederick D. Provenza and Elizabeth A. Burritt; Applied Animal Behaviour Science

1990

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Food Aversion Learning in Sheep: Persistence of Conditioned Taste Aversions to Palatable Shrubs (Cercocarpus montanus and Amelanchier alnifolia), Elizabeth A. Burritt and Frederick D. Provenza; Journal of Animal Science

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Ecological Implications of Condensed Tannin Structure: A Case Study, Thomas P. Clausen, Frederick D. Provenza, Elizabeth A. Burritt, P. B. Reichardt, and J. P. Bryant; Journal of Chemical Ecology

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Conditioned Taste Aversion: Potential for Reducing Cattle Loss to Larkspur, Mark A. Lane, Michael H. Ralphs, John D. Olsen, Frederick D. Provenza, and James A. Pfister; Journal of Range Management

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Preference of the Mother Affects Selection and Avoidance of Foods by Lambs Differing in Age, Sarwat N. Mirza and Frederick D. Provenza; Applied Animal Behaviour Science

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The Establishment and Persistence of Food Preferences in Lambs Exposed to Selected Foods, Dale L. Nolte, Frederick D. Provenza, and David F. Balph; Journal of Animal Science

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Ingestion of Tall Larkspur by Cattle: Separating Effects of Flavor from Postingestive Consequences, James A. Pfister, Frederick D. Provenza, and Gary D. Manners; Journal of Chemical Ecology

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Conditioned Flavor Aversion: A Mechanism for Goats to Avoid Condensed Tannins in Blackbrush, Frederick D. Provenza, Elizabeth A. Burritt, T. P. Clausen, J. P. Bryant, P. B. Reichardt, and Roberto A. Distel; American Naturalist

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Effect of Age of Exposure on Consumption of a Shrub by Sheep, R. C. Squibb, Frederick D. Provenza, and David F. Balph; Journal of Animal Science

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Ability of Lambs to Learn About Novel Foods While Observing or Participating with Social Models, Anna G. Thorhallsdottir, Frederick D. Provenza, and D. F. Balph; Applied Animal Behaviour Science

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Social Influences on Conditioned Food Aversions in Sheep, Anna G. Thorhallsdottir, Frederick D. Provenza, and D. F. Balph; Applied Animal Behaviour Science

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The Role of the Mother in the Intake of Harmful Foods by Lambs, Anna G. Thorhallsdottir, Frederick D. Provenza, and D. F. Balph; Applied Animal Behaviour Science

1989

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Food Aversion Learning: Ability of Lambs to Distinguish Safe from Harmful Foods, Elizabeth A. Burritt and Frederick D. Provenza; Journal of Animal Science

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Food Aversion Learning: Conditioning Lambs to Avoid a Palatable Shrub (Cercocarpus montanus), Elizabeth A. Burritt and Frederick D. Provenza; Journal of Animal Science

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Relationship between Plant Maturity and Foraging Experience of Lambs Grazing Hycrest Crested Wheatgrass, Enrique R. Flores, Frederick D. Provenza, and David F. Balph; Applied Animal Behaviour Science

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Role of Experience in the Development of Foraging Skills of Lambs Browsing the Shrub Serviceberry, Enrique R. Flores, Frederick D. Provenza, and David F. Balph; Applied Animal Behaviour Science

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The Effect of Experience on the Foraging Skill of Lambs: Importance of Plant Form, Enrique R. Flores, Frederick D. Provenza, and David F. Balph; Applied Animal Behaviour Science

1988

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Development of Dietary Choice in Livestock on Rangelands and Its Implications for Management, Frederick D. Provenza and David F. Balph; Journal of Animal Science

1987

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Food Aversion Learning in Lambs with or without a Mother: Discrimination, Novelty and Persistence, Anna G. Thorhallsdottir, Frederick D. Provenza, and D. F. Balph; Applied Animal Behaviour Science