Microinjection of the Vehicle Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) Into the Periaqueductal Gray Modulates Morphine Antinociception
Document Type
Article
Journal/Book Title/Conference
Brain Research
Volume
1204
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Publication Date
2-21-2008
First Page
53
Last Page
58
Abstract
Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is commonly used as a solvent for water-insoluble drugs. Given that DMSO has varying cellular and behavioral effects ranging from increased membrane permeability to toxicity, microinjection of DMSO as a vehicle could confound the effects of other drugs. For example, DMSO is often used as a vehicle for studies examining the neurochemical mechanisms underlying morphine antinociception. Given that the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG) plays a major role in morphine antinociception and tolerance, the effects of DMSO on morphine antinociception mediated by the vlPAG needs to be evaluated. The present experiment tested whether co-administration of DMSO (0, 0.2, 2, or 20%) would alter the antinociceptive effect of microinjecting morphine into the vlPAG. DMSO had no effect on nociception when microinjected into the vlPAG alone, but 2% DMSO enhanced morphine potency when co-administered with morphine. In contrast, twice daily microinjections of DMSO (5 or 20%) for two days reduced the potency of subsequent microinjections of morphine into the vlPAG—an effect that persisted for at least one week. A similar rightward shift in the morphine dose-response curve was caused by morphine tolerance. Co-administration of morphine and DMSO during the pretreatment did not cause a greater shift in the morphine dose-response curve compared to morphine pretreated alone. In conclusion, DMSO can alter morphine antinociception following both acute (enhancement) and chronic (inhibition) administration depending on the concentration. These data reinforce the need to be cautious when using DMSO as a vehicle for drug administration.
Recommended Citation
Fossum EN, Lisowski MJ#, Macey TA, Ingram SL, & Morgan MM (2008) Microinjection of the Vehicle Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) Into the Periaqueductal Gray Modulates Morphine Antinociception. Brain Research, 1204: 53-58.