Prolonged Middle Ear Development in Rhinella horribilis
Document Type
Article
Journal/Book Title/Conference
Journal of Morphology
Volume
279
Issue
10
Publisher
John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Publication Date
8-27-2018
First Page
1518
Last Page
1523
Abstract
Despite the benefit of the tympanic middle ear to airborne hearing sensitivity, anurans range in how soon they develop functional middle ears after transitioning to life on land. Previous evidence suggested that bufonids had particularly slow middle ear developmental rates, but precise timelines have not yet been published for this family. Here, we provide the first age‐verified middle ear development timeline for a true toad species (family Bufonidae). We find that although middle ear development begins during metamorphosis in Rhinella horribilis, the middle ear remains incomplete 15 weeks after the transition from aquatic tadpole to land‐dwelling toadlet. Using this new middle ear timeline, we discuss commonalities and differences in middle ear development among bufonids, as well as among Anura.
Recommended Citation
Womack, M.C., Stynoski, J.L., Voyles*, M.K., Coloma, L.A., and Hoke, K. L. 2018. Prolonged middle ear development in Rhinella horribilis. Journal of morphology, 279(10), 1518-1523.