Combining Flagelliform and Dragline Spider Silk Motifs to Produce Tunable Synthetic Biopolymer Fibers
Document Type
Article
Journal/Book Title/Conference
Biopolymers
Volume
97
Issue
6
Publisher
John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Publication Date
10-20-2011
First Page
418
Last Page
431
Abstract
The two Flag/MaSp 2 silk proteins produced recombinantly were based on the basic consensus repeat of the dragline silk spidroin 2 protein (MaSp 2) from the Nephila clavipes orb weaving spider. However, the proline-containing pentapeptides juxtaposed to the polyalanine segments resembled those found in the flagelliform silk protein (Flag) composing the web spiral: (GPGGX1 GPGGX2)2 with X1/X2 = A/A or Y/S. Fibers were formed from protein films in aqueous solutions or extruded from resolubilized protein dopes in organic conditions when the Flag motif was (GPGGX1 GPGGX2)2 with X1/X2 = Y/S or A/A, respectively. Post-fiber processing involved similar drawing ratios (2-2.5×) before or after water-treatment. Structural (ssNMR and XRD) and morphological (SEM) changes in the fibers were compared to the mechanical properties of the fibers at each step. Nuclear magnetic resonance indicated that the fraction of β-sheet nanocrystals in the polyalanine regions formed upon extrusion, increased during stretching, and was maximized after water-treatment. X-ray diffraction showed that nanocrystallite orientation parallel to the fiber axis increased the ultimate strength and initial stiffness of the fibers. Water furthered nanocrystal orientation and three-dimensional growth while plasticizing the amorphous regions, thus producing tougher fibers due to increased extensibility. These fibers were highly hygroscopic and had similar internal network organization, thus similar range of mechanical properties that depended on their diameters. The overall structure of the consensus repeat of the silk-like protein dictated the mechanical properties of the fibers while protein molecular weight limited these same properties. Subtle structural motif re-design impacted protein self-assembly mechanisms and requirements for fiber formation.
Recommended Citation
(2012) Florence Teulé, Bennett Addison, Alyssa R. Cooper, Joel Ayon, Robert W. Henning, Chris J. Benmore, Gregory P. Holland, Jeffery L. Yarger, Randolph V. Lewis, Combining flagelliform and dragline spider silk motifs to produce tunable synthetic biopolymer fibers, Biopolymers 97(6) 419-431