Maternal Provisioning of Sequestered Defensive Seriods by the Asian Snake Rhabdophis Tigrinus
Document Type
Article
Journal/Book Title/Conference
Chemoecology
Volume
3
Issue
18
Publication Date
2008
First Page
181
Last Page
190
Abstract
Rhabdophis tigrinus obtains defensive steroids (bufadienolides) from its diet and sequesters those compounds in specialized structures on its neck known as nuchal glands. Hatchling snakes lacking these steroids must acquire them from toads consumed as prey. Here we show that females provision bufadienolides to their offspring in amounts correlated to the quantity in their own nuchal glands; thus, chemically protected mothers produce defended offspring. Bufadienolides can be provisioned to embryos via deposition in yolk and by transfer across the egg membranes within the oviducts. Maternally provisioned bufadienolides persist in the nuchal glands of juvenile snakes from the time of hatching in late summer until the following spring, when toads of ingestible size become abundant. Therefore, maternal provisioning may provide chemical protection from predators for young R. tigrinus in the absence of dietary sources of bufadienolides.
Recommended Citation
Deborah A. Hutchinson, Alan H. Savitzky, Akira Mori, Jerrold Meinwald, and Frank C. Schroeder. 2008. Maternal provisioning of sequestered defensive steroids by the Asian snake Rhabdophis tigrinus. Chemoecology, 18(3):181-190.