Towards Picowatt Optical Power Measurement using a Frequency Programmable Josephson Voltage Standard
Abstract
We directly measure the electrical substitution power of a cryogenic radiant power detector by use of a frequency-programmable Josephson voltage standard (FPJVS). We demonstrate the practicality of the technique by using an FPJVS to set the voltage across the resistive heater of a standard NIST cryogenic radiometric detector. The FPJVS dc bias current source supplies dc current to the resistive heater. In this demonstration, the uncertainty of the substituted electrical power is limited by the uncertainty of the electrical heater resistance measurement at 4 K. We estimate this uncertainty to be 10 ppm. We aim to develop the technique to provide direct traceability to the SI for the power measurement of single-photon emitters.
Figure 1. Schematic illustrating the configuration of the FPJVS and electrical substitution heater of the optical detector. A thermal link connects the optical detector to the 4K platform. The FPJVS provides both stability and direct SI traceability for the voltage across the heater.
Recent advances in quantum dot technology have led to single photon emission rates at optical wavelengths greater than one million counts per second, equivalent to power of one picowatt or more [1, 2]. In order to use these sources to establish an SI traceable optical radiant power scale, accurate power measurement techniques at picowatts are required to be developed.
1 S. Haffouz, K. Zeuner, D. Dalacu, P. Poole, J. Lapointe, D. Poitras, K. Mnaymneh, X. Wu, M. Couillard, M. Korkusinski, E. Scholl, K. Jons, V. Zwiller, and R. Williams, “Bright single InAsP quantum dots at telecom wavelengths in positioncontrolled InP nanowires: The role of the photonic waveguide”, Nano Letters 18(5), 3047-3052 2018.
2 P. Laferriere, E. Yeung, I. Miron, D. Northeast, S. Haffouz, J. Lapointe, M. Korkusinski, P. Poole, R. Williams, and D. Dalacu, “Unity yield of deterministically positioned quantum dot single-photon sources”, Scientific Reports 12:6376 2022.
Towards Picowatt Optical Power Measurement using a Frequency Programmable Josephson Voltage Standard
We directly measure the electrical substitution power of a cryogenic radiant power detector by use of a frequency-programmable Josephson voltage standard (FPJVS). We demonstrate the practicality of the technique by using an FPJVS to set the voltage across the resistive heater of a standard NIST cryogenic radiometric detector. The FPJVS dc bias current source supplies dc current to the resistive heater. In this demonstration, the uncertainty of the substituted electrical power is limited by the uncertainty of the electrical heater resistance measurement at 4 K. We estimate this uncertainty to be 10 ppm. We aim to develop the technique to provide direct traceability to the SI for the power measurement of single-photon emitters.
Figure 1. Schematic illustrating the configuration of the FPJVS and electrical substitution heater of the optical detector. A thermal link connects the optical detector to the 4K platform. The FPJVS provides both stability and direct SI traceability for the voltage across the heater.
Recent advances in quantum dot technology have led to single photon emission rates at optical wavelengths greater than one million counts per second, equivalent to power of one picowatt or more [1, 2]. In order to use these sources to establish an SI traceable optical radiant power scale, accurate power measurement techniques at picowatts are required to be developed.
1 S. Haffouz, K. Zeuner, D. Dalacu, P. Poole, J. Lapointe, D. Poitras, K. Mnaymneh, X. Wu, M. Couillard, M. Korkusinski, E. Scholl, K. Jons, V. Zwiller, and R. Williams, “Bright single InAsP quantum dots at telecom wavelengths in positioncontrolled InP nanowires: The role of the photonic waveguide”, Nano Letters 18(5), 3047-3052 2018.
2 P. Laferriere, E. Yeung, I. Miron, D. Northeast, S. Haffouz, J. Lapointe, M. Korkusinski, P. Poole, R. Williams, and D. Dalacu, “Unity yield of deterministically positioned quantum dot single-photon sources”, Scientific Reports 12:6376 2022.