Comparative structure of physical and biological soil crusts
Document Type
Article
Journal/Book Title/Conference
Biological Soil Crusts: Structure, Function, and Management
First Page
177
Publisher
Springer-Verlag
Last Page
191
Publication Date
2003
Abstract
The presence of physical and/or biological soil crusts alters many characteristics of the soil surface, and thus can playa defining role in many ecosystem functions (Greene and Ringrose-Voase 1994; Issa et al. 1999). The presence of a physical crust can seal and smooth surfaces, thus decreasing rainfall infiltration and increasing the volume and velocity of water runoff (Sumner and Stewart 1992). Physical crusts often inhibit vascular plant seedling establishment. Smooth biological crusts, like physical crusts, can also control local hydrology by smoothing and partially sealing soil surfaces (Kidron and Yair 1997). In contrast, soil surfaces roughened by biological soil crusts can increase rainfall infiltration, decrease water runoff volume and velocity, and retain seeds and organic matter (Loope and Gifford 1972; J. Belnap, unpubl.). Thus, understanding the factors that control the form of physical or biological soil crusts is essential in interpreting how the presence of these crusts may influence ecosystem functions (Miicher et al. 1988).
Recommended Citation
Belnap, J., 2003, Comparative structure of physical and biological soil crusts, in Belnap, J., and Lange, O. L., eds., Biological Soil Crusts: Structure, Function, and Management: Berlin, Springer-Verlag, p. 177-191.
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