Examples of the Birkhoff Theorem and its Generalizations

Authors

Charles G. Torre, Department of Physics, Utah State UniversityFollow

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

2018

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 License

Abstract

In this worksheet I demonstrate three versions of Birkhoff's theorem, which is a characterization of spherically symmetric solutions of the Einstein equations. The three versions considered here correspond to taking the "Einstein equations" to be: (1) the vacuum Einstein equations; (2) the Einstein equations with a cosmological constant (3) the Einstein-Maxwell equations. I will restrict my attention to 4-dimensional spacetimes.

Recommended Citation

Torre, Charles G., "Examples of the Birkhoff Theorem and its Generalizations" (2018). Tutorials on... in 1 hour or less. Paper 9.
https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/dg_tutorial/9