Document Type

Article

Journal/Book Title/Conference

Geophysical Research Letters

Volume

52

Issue

22

Publisher

Wiley-Blackwell Publishing, Inc.

Publication Date

11-17-2025

Journal Article Version

Accepted Manuscript

First Page

1

Last Page

22

Creative Commons License

Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0 License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0 License.

Abstract

Mesopause-region (∼ 87 km) gravity waves (GWs) generated by tropical convection are investigated within the four longitude sectors encompassing Africa, the Indian Ocean, the Intertropical Convergence Zone, and South America during the Dec 2023– Feb 2024 Southern Hemisphere monsoon season. Variances (Qv) in the OH Q-line emission measured by the Atmospheric Waves Experiment (AWE) capture GW activity, and precipitation rates (PR) from the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Mission identify regions of convective activity. The zonal component of GWs comprising the Qv between 10°S-10°N primarily propagate eastward. The Qv distributions are latitudinally-shifted and more confined in LST compared with those of PR. Mesospheric winds (including tides) appear to induce the latitude-longitude-LST variability seen in Qv through critical-level filtering and Doppler-shifting of the GWs. These new insights into the variability of the GW spectrum entering the ionosphere-thermosphere system further our understanding of the dynamical connections between tropospheric and space weather.

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