Bark beetle outbreaks have resulted in the loss of hundreds of thousands of conifers on approximately 30 million hectares of forested lands in western North America during the last decade. Many forests remain susceptible to bark beetle infestation and will continue to experience high levels of conifer mortality until suitable host trees are depleted, or natural factors cause populations to collapse. Stand conditions and drought, combined with warming temperatures, have contributed to the severity of these outbreaks, particularly in high-elevation forests.

Conventional wisdom suggests that large scale bark beetle outbreaks alter fuel complexes resulting in an increased potential for severe fires. Conversely, fires damage trees that may predispose them to bark beetle attack. In reality there is little specific quantified data supporting these assertions, and until recently, relationships between fire and western bark beetles in forests of North America have not been extensively studied. The magnitude of recent outbreaks and large wildfires has resulted in a flurry of research attempting to quantify bark beetle/fire/fuel interactions.
 
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2005

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Basic Principles of Forest Fuel Reduction Treatments, James K. Agee and Carl N. Skinner; Forest Ecology and Management

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Multiple Disturbance Interactions and Drought Influence Fire Severity in Rocky Mountain Subalpine Forests, Christof Bigler, Dominik Kulakowski, and Thomas T. Veblen; Ecology

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Regional Vegetation Die-Off in Response to Global-Change-Type Drought, David D. Breshears, Neil S. Cobb, Paul M. Rich, Kevin P. Price, Craig D. Allen, Randy G. Balice, William H. Romme, Jude H. Kastens, M. Lisa Floyd, Jayne Belnap, Jesse J. Anderson, Orrin B. Myers, and Clifton W. Meyer; Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

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Attack and Brood Production by the Douglas-Fir Beetle (Coleoptera : Scolytidae) in Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca (Pinaceae), Following a Wildfire, Catherine A. Cunningham, Michael J. Jenkins, and David W. Roberts; Western North American Naturalits

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Anatomical and Chemical Defenses of Conifer Bark Against Bark Beetles and Other Pests, V. R. Franceschi, P. Krokene, E. Christiansen, and T. Krekling; New Phytologist

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Wildland Fire Hazard and Risk: Problems, Definitions and Context, Colin C. Hardy; Forest Ecology and Management

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Forest Fuel Treatments in Western North America : Merging Silviculture and Fire Management, Morris C. Johnson and David L. Peterson; The Forestry Chroncle

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Estimating Forest Canopy Bulk Density Using Six Indirect Methods, R. E. Keane, E. D. Reinhardt, J. Scott, K. Gray, and J. Reardon; Canadian Journal of Forest Research

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Patch Structure, Fire-scar Formation, and Tree Regeneration in a Large Mixed-severity Fire in the South Dakota Black Hills, L. B. Lentile, F. W. Smith, and W. D. Sheppard; Canadian Journal of Forest Research

Utah Forest Insect and Disease Conditons Report 2002-2004, K Matthews, V DeBlander, L Pederson, P Mocettini, and D Halsey

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Root Diseases in Coniferous Forests of the Inland West : Potential Implications of Fuels Treatments, Raini C. Rippy, Jane E. Stewart, Paul J. Zambino, Ned B. Klopfenstein, Joanne M. Tirocke, Mee-Sook Kim, and Walter G. Thies

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Standard Fire Behavior Fuel Models : A Comprehensive Set for Use with Rothermel's Surface Fire Spread Model, Joe H. Scott and Robert E. Burgan

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Long-term Impacts of Stand Management on Ponderosa Pine Physiology and Bark Beetle Abundance in Northern Arizona: A Replicated Landscape Study, G. L. Zausen, T. E. Kolb, J. D. Bailey, and M. R. Wagner; Forest Ecology and Management

2004

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Forest Restoration and Fire: Principals in the Context of Place, R. T. Brown, J. K. Agee, and J. F. Franklin; Conservation Biology

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Postfire Mortality of Ponderosa Pine and Douglas-fir: a Review of Methods to Predict Tree Death, J. F. Fowler and C. H. Sieg

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Risk and Damage of Southern Pine Beetle Outbreaks Under Global Climate Change, Jianbang Gan; Forest Ecology and Management

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Science Basis for Changing Forest Structure to Modify Wildfire Behavior and Severity, Russell T. Graham, Sarah McCaffrey, and Theresa B. Jain

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Snow Avalanche Disturbance in Intermountain Spruce-fir Forests and Implications for the Spruce Bark Beetle (Coleoptera : Scolytidae), Elizabeth G. Hebertson

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Snow Avalanche Disturbance in Intermountain Spruce-Fir Forests and Implications for the Spruce Bark Beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), Elizabeth G. Hebertson

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Is Forest Structure Related to Fire Severity? Yes, No, and Maybe : Methods and Insights in Quantifying the Answer, Theresa Benavidez Jain and Russell T. Graham; Silviculture in Special Places: Proceedings of the 2003 National Silviculture Workshop

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Climate Change, Wildfire, and Conservation, D. McKenzie, Z. Gedalof, D. L. Peterson, and P. Mote; Conservation Biology

Fuel Treatments and Fire Regimes : Final Report, Philip N. Omi and Erik J. Martinson

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Antennal Responses of Four Species of Tree-killing Bark Beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) to Volatiles Collected from Beetles, and Their Host and Nonhost Conifers, D. S. Pureswaran, R. Gries, and J. H. Borden; Chemoecology

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Interaction of Fire, Fuels, and Climate Across Rocky Mountain Forests, Tania Schoennagel, Thomas T. Veblen, and William H. Romme; BioScience

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Importance of Log Size on Host Selection and Reproductive Success of Ips pini (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in Ponderosa Pine Slash of Northern Arizona and Western Montana, Brytten E. Steed and Michael R. Wagner; Journal of Economic Entomology