Document Type

Article

Journal/Book Title/Conference

Identity

Publisher

Psychology Press

Publication Date

7-23-2024

Journal Article Version

Accepted Manuscript

First Page

1

Last Page

44

Abstract

A rich theoretical and empirical literature captures experiences of identity conflict and tension at the nexus of identity domains that feel incompatible. The Identity Negotiation Experiences and Strategies (INES) scale was developed to provide a quantitative tool for capturing experiences of identity strain or conflict, and strategies for responding to or managing strain. Focus groups with college students from the United States, the Netherlands, and Finland were used to develop a pool of items capturing students' identity negotiation experiences. Subsequently, two college student samples from the United States and the Netherlands were used to refine the scale and assess psychometric properties. Four subscales - Strain, Compartmentalization, Vigilance, and Identity Negotiation Resources - demonstrated strong and significant correlations with other theoretically relevant identity processes, as well as with depression symptoms. Metric measurement invariance was demonstrated across the U.S. and Dutch samples. We explore links with existing theory and research and potential future uses for the INES.

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