Document Type

Article

Journal/Book Title/Conference

Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior

Publisher

Wiley-Blackwell Publishing, Inc.

Publication Date

10-29-2024

Journal Article Version

Accepted Manuscript

First Page

1

Last Page

54

Abstract

We examined the zoographics, or the characteristics of nonhuman animal subjects, reported for the entirety of the Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior (JEAB) through the most recent complete year (1958–2023). Animal sex in particular was evaluated to determine whether the lack of inclusion of female subjects in other disciplines extends to JEAB. Through systematic coding of all nonhuman empirical articles, we found consistent underreporting of most zoographics and a disproportionate use of male subjects relative to female subjects. Additionally, animal sex was commonly unreported and the inclusion of both male and female subjects was sparse. Recent years show some improvement, but greater inclusion is required. Lack of female subjects in research as well as underreporting of zoographics can generate unrepresentative results and hamper replication, generalization, and translation. We provide resources to guide future research and reporting suggestions such as equal inclusion and disaggregation of data by sex. We also clarify misunderstandings about the use of both sexes in research such as beliefs that it necessarily increases the cost of research.

Comments

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Odum, A. L., Callister, K. T., Willis-Moore, M. E., Da Silva, D. S., Legaspi, D. N., Scribner, L. N., & Hannah, J. N. (2024). Zoographics in the Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior: Increasing inclusion of female animals. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior. https://doi.org/10.1002/jeab.4220, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1002/jeab.4220. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions. This article may not be enhanced, enriched or otherwise transformed into a derivative work, without express permission from Wiley or by statutory rights under applicable legislation. Copyright notices must not be removed, obscured or modified. The article must be linked to Wiley’s version of record on Wiley Online Library and any embedding, framing or otherwise making available the article or pages thereof by third parties from platforms, services and websites other than Wiley Online Library must be prohibited.

Available for download on Wednesday, October 29, 2025

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