Session
Weekday Session 9: Formation Flying and RPO
Location
Utah State University, Logan, UT
Abstract
CubeSat rendezvous and proximity operation (RPO) technology development is critical for improving the performance and economics of space debris remediation and the inspection, servicing, and assembly of larger space systems. The CubeSat Proximity Operations Demonstration (CPOD) is a program led by Terran Orbital and funded by NASA to achieve autonomous on-orbit RPO with two identical 3U CubeSats, thereby maturing CubeSat RPO technology. This article presents the CPOD RPO guidance architecture and its on-orbit outcomes. The architecture advances the autonomy, fuel-efficiency, and safety of CubeSat RPO through the synthesis of optimization-based control theory and orbital dynamics analysis, with different optimization techniques tailored to different stages of the mission. Fully autonomous stages frequently, regularly recompute optimization solutions onboard the vehicles, each time using new measured data to provide robustness to unmodeled force disturbances. RPO is supported by a unique docking magnet control scheme for angular momentum management, a thruster configuration yielding 3DOF translational control, and a data-driven intersatellite distance prediction method for advance (12-200 hours) RPO planning. Ultimately this framework yielded rendezvous of the vehicles from intersatellite distances up to 997 km, a minimum intersatellite distance of 361 m, and passively safe formation flying across 5 major on-orbit experiments.
CubeSat Proximity Operations Demonstration (CPOD) Mission Results
Utah State University, Logan, UT
CubeSat rendezvous and proximity operation (RPO) technology development is critical for improving the performance and economics of space debris remediation and the inspection, servicing, and assembly of larger space systems. The CubeSat Proximity Operations Demonstration (CPOD) is a program led by Terran Orbital and funded by NASA to achieve autonomous on-orbit RPO with two identical 3U CubeSats, thereby maturing CubeSat RPO technology. This article presents the CPOD RPO guidance architecture and its on-orbit outcomes. The architecture advances the autonomy, fuel-efficiency, and safety of CubeSat RPO through the synthesis of optimization-based control theory and orbital dynamics analysis, with different optimization techniques tailored to different stages of the mission. Fully autonomous stages frequently, regularly recompute optimization solutions onboard the vehicles, each time using new measured data to provide robustness to unmodeled force disturbances. RPO is supported by a unique docking magnet control scheme for angular momentum management, a thruster configuration yielding 3DOF translational control, and a data-driven intersatellite distance prediction method for advance (12-200 hours) RPO planning. Ultimately this framework yielded rendezvous of the vehicles from intersatellite distances up to 997 km, a minimum intersatellite distance of 361 m, and passively safe formation flying across 5 major on-orbit experiments.
