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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Abstract

Human–bear (Ursus spp.) interactions (HBI) commonly occur in residential areas throughout North America. Negative HBI can be alleviated by using bear-resistant garbage cans (BRC) and by securing other bear attractants (e.g., bird feeders). Since the early 2000s, human and Florida black bear (U. americanus floridanus) densities have increased substantially throughout Florida, USA, concurrently producing an increase in HBI. In central Florida, an area with high densities of humans and black bears, we surveyed 2 neighborhoods that occurred in an urban ordinance zone established in 2016 that required residents to secure anthropogenic food sources. Residents were supplied with BRC in 2017, and our surveys in 2017 and 2018 assessed the changes in HBI in the year before and after receiving BRC as well as the attitudes of residents toward ordinance measures and the perceived effectiveness of BRC. We found that a combination of preventive measures practiced by residents along with use of BRC effectively reduced HBI by 54%, especially bears eating garbage (reduced to 0%). Consequently, residents spent more time outdoors in their neighborhoods and experienced an elevated quality of life because fear of HBI lessened. We also analyzed public calls to the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission concerning HBI. Public calls declined during the 5 years after the ordinance was established compared to 5 years prior. A reduction in HBI (especially conflicts) and public acceptance of using BRC is a long-term goal for management of black bears in Florida.

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