Aspen Bibliography

Aspen Bibliography

 
As the most widespread tree species in North America, Quaking Aspen systems provide an array of natural resource products and uses. Often among the most biologically diverse systems in a given landscape, the condition of aspen forests affects the status of numerous floral and faunal associates. Concern over the health, sustainability, aesthetics, and economic value of aspen has spawned a large body of literature in both basic and applied research. The Aspen Bibliography, sponsored by the Western Aspen Alliance and the Quinney Natural Resources Research Library and available from the Merrill-Cazier Digital Commons portal, provides a comprehensive and searchable database of published and unpublished aspen references. Your feedback and participation in updating this database is important to us. If there are items you are aware of related to aspen ecology that are not found in this database, please contact the Aspen Bibliography administrator at quinneylibrary@gmail.com with the citation or mail a hardcopy of the document to Aspen Bibliography - Quinney Library, 5260 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322. All information is provided as-is. While every effort is being made to ensure that the information provided is accurate and up-to-date, errors may occur. Also, we provide many links to external web sites. Sometimes the links provided are moved or removed creating a broken link. If you think you have discovered a broken link or an error please notify us at quinneylibrary@aggiemail.usu.edu.

Get the Aspen Bibliography RSS feed

Subscribe to our feed

To enable the Aspen Bibliography RSS feed, simply drag this link into your RSS reader.

Follow

2021

Link

History and Future of Fire in Hardwood and Conifer Forests of the Great Lakes-Northeastern Forest Region, USA, Lee E. Frelich, Craig G. Lorimer, and Michael C. Stambaugh; Fire Ecology and Management: Past, Present, and Future of US Forested Ecosystems

PDF

Spatial and Temporal Variation of Epigaeic Beetle Assemblages (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Staphylinidae) in Aspen-Dominated Mixedwood Forests Across North-Central Alberta, H. E. James Hammond, Sergio García-Tejero, Greg R. Pohl, David W. Langor, and John R. Spence; ZooKeys

PDF

Splitting the Difference: Heterogeneous Soil Moisture Availability Affects Aboveground and Belowground Reserve and Mass Allocation in Trembling Aspen, Ashley T. Hart, Morgane Merlin, Erin Wiley, and Simon M. Landhäusser; Frontiers in Plant Science

Link

Fire Ecology of Rocky Mountain Forests, Sharon M. Hood, Brian J. Harvey, Paula J. Fornwalt, Cameron E. Naficy, Winslow D. Hansen, Kimberley T. Davis, Mike A. Battaglia, Camille S. Stevens-Rumann, and Victoria Ann Saab; Fire Ecology and Management: Past, Present, and Future of US Forested Ecosystems

PDF

Patterns of Post-Fire Aspen Seedling Establishment, Growth, and Mortality in the Western United States, Mark Regier Kreider

Link

Aspen Seedling Establishment, Survival, and Growth Following a High-Severity Wildfire, Mark R. Kreider and Larissa L. Yocom Kent; Forest Ecology and Management

PDF

Detection of European Aspen (Populus tremula L.) Based on an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Approach in Boreal Forests, Anton Kuzmin, Lauri Korhonen, Sonja Kivinen, Pekka Hurskainen, Pasi Korpelainen, Topi Tanhuanpää, Matti Maltamo, Petteri Vihervaara, and Timo Kumpula; Remote Sensing

Link

Inter-Specific Transpiration Differences Between Aspen, Spruce, and Pine in a Sky-Island Ecosystem of the North American Great Basin, Xinsheng Liu and Franco Biondi; Forest Ecology and Management

Link

Root Secondary Metabolites in Populus tremuloides: Effects of Simulated Climate Warming, Defoliation, and Genotype, Zhengzhen Li, Kennedy F. Rubert-Nason, Mary A. Jamieson, Kenneth F. Raffa, and Richard L. Lindroth; Journal of Chemical Ecology

Link

Comparison of Tree-Ring and Eddy-Covariance Derived Annual Ecosystem Production Estimates for Jack Pine and Trembling Aspen Forests in Saskatchewan, Canada, J. M. Metsaranta, S. D. Mamet, J. Maillet, and A. G. Barr; Agricultural and Forest Meteorology

Link

Application of a u-w Method for the Detection of Boreal Forest Response to Environmental Changes in Canada, Amin Niazai, Akira Osawa, Nahoko Kurachi, Tomiyasu Miyaura, Takuya Kajimoto, Juha M. Metsaranta, Masako Dannoura, and Naoki Okada; Journal of Forest Research

Link

Wildfire Catalyzes Upward Range Expansion of Trembling Aspen in Southern Rocky Mountain Beetle-Killed Forests, Katherine M. Nigro, Monique E. Rocca, Mike A. Battaglia, Jonathan D. Coop, and Miranda D. Redmond; Journal of Biogeography

Link

Strict Substrate Requirements Alongside Rapid Substrate Turnover May Indicate an Early Colonization: A Case Study of Pleurotus calyptratus (Agaricales, Basidiomycota), Oleh Prylutskyi, Iryna Yatsiuk, Anton Savchenko, Maryna Kit, Oleksii Solodiankin, and Dmitry Schigel; Fungal Ecology

Link

Recursive Partitioning to Prioritize Morphometric Traits that Separate Aspen Specialist Chaitophorus Aphid by Species and Stage, Richa Raizada, Rajarshi Kumar Gaur, and Benedicte R. Albrectsen; International Journal of Tropical Insect Science

Link

Continent-Wide Synthesis of the Long-Term Population Dynamics of Quaking Aspen in the Face of Accelerating Human Impacts, Tyler K. Refsland and J. Hall Cushman; Oecologia

Link

Herbivory by Domestic and Wild Ungulates as Drivers of Aspen Recruitment and Understory Composition Throughout Arid Montane Landscapes, Elizabeth Reikowski

PDF

Pando's Lessons: Restoration of a Giant Aspen Clone, Paul C. Rogers, Jody Gale, and Darren McAvoy; WAA Briefs

PDF

Pando: Charismatic Megaflora and the Populus Paradox, Paul C. Rogers and Lance Oditt; Mountain Journal

Link

Causes and Consequences of Condensed Tannin Variation in Populus, Kennedy F. Rubert-Nason and Richard L. Lindroth; Recent Advances in Polyphenol Research

PDF

Widespread Mortality of Trembling Aspen (Populus tremuloides) Throughout Interior Alaskan Boreal Forests Resulting from a Novel Canker Disease, Roger W. Ruess, Loretta M. Winton, and Gerard C. Adams; PLoS ONE

PDF

Availability and Structure of Coarse Woody Debris in Hemiboreal Mature to Old-Growth Aspen Stands and Its Implications for Forest Carbon Pool, Silva Šēnhofa, Guntars Šnepsts, Kārlis Bičkovskis, Ieva Jaunslaviete, Līga Liepa, Inga Straupe, and Āris Jansons; Forests

PDF

Improved Boreal Forest Wildfire Fuel Type Mapping in Interior Alaska Using AVIRIS-NG Hyperspectral Data, Christopher William Smith, Santosh K. Panda, Uma Suren Bhatt, and Franz J. Meyer; Remote Sensing

PDF

White River Aspen Management Project, USDA Forest Service

PDF

Tremblings, August 2021, Western Aspen Alliance

PDF

Tremblings, February 2021, Western Aspen Alliance

PDF

Tremblings, May 2021, Western Aspen Alliance

PDF

Tremblings, November 2021, Western Aspen Alliance; Tremblings

PDF

Determining the Novel Pathogen Neodothiora populina as the Causal Agent of the Aspen Running Canker Disease in Alaska, Loretta M. Winton, Gerard C. Adams, and Roger W. Ruess; Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology

Link

The Effects of Post-Fire Logging on Microclimate and Surface Fuels, Jesse Wooten

PDF

The Annual Rhythmic Differentiation of Populus davidiana Growth–Climate Response Under a Warming Climate in The Greater Hinggan Mountains, Ruixin Yun, Yuting Jin, Junxia Li, Zhenju Chen, Zhaoyang Lyu, Ying Zhao, and Di Cui; Global Ecology and Conservation

PDF

Chloroplast Genomes in Populus (Salicaceae): Comparisons From an Intensively Sampled Genus Reveal Dynamic Patterns of Evolution, Jiawei Zhou, Shuo Zhang, Jie Wang, Hongmei Shen, Bin Ai, Wei Gao, Cuijun Zhang, Qili Fei, Daojun Yuan, Zhiqiang Wu, Luke R. Tembrock, Sen Li, Cuiha Gu, and Xuezhu Liao; Scientific Reports

2020

Link

Forest Recovery Following Synchronous Outbreaks of Spruce and Western Balsam Bark Beetle is Slowed by Ungulate Browsing, Robert A. Andrus, Sarah J. Hart, and Thomas T. Veblen; Ecology

PDF

Patterns of Epiphytic Lichen Abundance on Aspen Stands in Proximity to Roads of Varying Vehicular Traffic, D. Aragon, C. Castillo, J. Moffroid, and G. Thomas

Link

Quaking Aspen: The Iconic and Dynamic Deciduous Tree of the Rocky Mountains, Timothy J. Assal; The Rocky Mountain West: A Compendium of Geographic Perspectives

PDF

Genotyping-by-Sequencing and Ecological Niche Modeling Illuminate Phylogeography, Admixture, and Pleistocene Range Dynamics in Quaking Aspen (Populus Tremuloides), Justin C. Bagley, Neander M. Heming, Eliécer E. Gutiérrez, Upendra K. Devisetty, Karen E. Mock, Andrew J. Eckert, and Steven H. Strauss; Ecology and Evolution

Link

Response of Aspen Genotypes to Browsing Damage is not Influenced by Soil Community Diversity, Alison E. Bennett, Kennedy R. Rubert-Nason, and Richard L. Lindroth; Plant and Soil

PDF

Aspen Next Generation: Conversations from Southern Colorado and Northern New Mexico, Dan Binkley and Bill Romme

PDF

Aspen Soils Retain More Dissolved Organic Carbon Than Conifer Soils in a Sorption Experiment, Antra Boča, Astrid R. Jacobson, and Helga Van Miegroet; Frontiers in Forests and Global Change

Link

Growing up Aspen: Ontogeny and Trade-Offs Shape Growth, Defence and Reproduction in a Foundation Species, Christopher T. Cole, Clay J. Morrow, Hilary L. Barker, Kennedy F. Rubert-Nason, Jennifer F. L. Riehl, Tobias G. Köllner, Nathalie D. Lackus, and Richard L. Lindroth; Annals of Botany

Link

Trait Plasticity and Tradeoffs Shape Intraspecific Variation in Competitive Response in a Foundation Tree Species, Olivia L. Cope, Richard L. Lindroth, Andrew Helm, Ken Keefover-Ring, and Eric L. Kruger; New Phytologist

PDF

Fungal Planet Description Sheets: 1112–1181, P. W. Crous, D. A. Cowan, G. Maggs-Kölling, N. Yilmaz, E. Larsson, C. Angelini, T. E. Brandrud, J. D. W. Dearnaley, B. Dima, F. Dovana, and et al.; Persoonia

PDF

Long-Term Soil Productivity Study: 25-Year Vegetation Response to Varying Degrees of Disturbance in Aspen-Dominated Forest Spanning the Upper Lake States, Miranda T. Curzon, Brian J. Palik, Anthony W. D'Amato, and Julia Schwager

Link

Understory Responses to Restoration in Aspen‐Conifer Forests Around the Lake Tahoe Basin: Residual Stand Attributes Predict Recovery, Christa M. Dagley, John-Pascal Berrill, Stephanie A. Coppeto, and Anne K. Eschtruth; Restoration Ecology

Link

The Aspen (Populus tremula L.) from the Southern Carpathians, Lucian Dincă and Emilia Vechiu; Current Trends in Natural Sciences

PDF

Genetic Parameters of Growth and Adaptive Traits in Aspen (Populus tremuloides): Implications for Tree Breeding in a Warming World, Chen Ding, Andreas Hamann, Rong-Cai Yang, and Jean S. Brouard; PLoS One

Link

Chemical Composition of Soil Organic Carbon from Mixed Aspen‐Conifer Forests Characterized with Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Mercedes Román Dobarco, Astrid R. Jacobson, and Helga Van Miegroet; European Journal of Soil Science

Link

Spatial, Genetic and Biotic Factors Shape Within‐Crown Leaf Trait Variation and Herbivore Performance in a Foundation Tree Species, Michael Eisenring, Sybille B. Unsicker, and Richard L. Lindroth; Functional Ecology

Link

Forest Insect Defoliation and Mortality Classification Using Annual Landsat Time Series Composites: A Case Study in Northwestern Ontario, Canada, Steven Franklin and Sheryl Robitaille; Remote Sensing Letters

PDF

Contrasting Root System Structure and Belowground Interactions between Black Spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P) and Trembling Aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx) in Boreal Mixedwoods of Eastern Canada, Claudele Ghotsa Mekontchou, Daniel Houle, Yves Bergeron, and Igor Drobyshev; Forests

Link

Managing Conservation Values of Protected Sites: How to Maintain Deciduous Trees in White-Backed Woodpecker Territories, Karoliina Hämäläinen, Kaisa Junninen, and Panu Halme; Forest Ecology and Management

Link

Long-Term Effects of Prescribed Burning, Tree Retention, and Browsing on Deciduous Tree Recruitment in European Boreal Forests, Alwin A. Hardenbol, Michael den Herder, and Jari Kouki; Canadian Journal of Forest Research

Link

A Key Tree Species for Forest Biodiversity, European Aspen (Populus tremula), Is Rapidly Declining in Boreal Old-Growth Forest Reserves, Alwin A. Hardenbol, Kaisa Junninen, and Jari Kouki; Forest Ecology and Management

Link

Climate Change Disproportionately Affects Visual Quality of Cultural Ecosystem Services in a Mountain Region, Nicole C. Inglis and Jelena Vukomanovic; Ecosystem Services

Link

Photoperiod, [CO2] and Soil Moisture Interactively Affect Phenology in Trembling Aspen: Implications to Climate Change-Induced Migration, Sahari Inoue, Qing-Lai Dang, Rongzhou Man, and Binyam Tedla; Environmental and Experimental Botany

Link

Warm, Dry Conditions Inhibit Aspen Growth, But Tree Growth and Size Predict Mortality Risk in the Southwestern United States, Kathryn B. Ireland, Margaret M. Moore, Peter Z. Fule, Larissa L. Yocom, and Thomas J. Zegler; Canadian Journal of Forest Research

Link

A Keystone Species, European Aspen (Populus tremula L.), in Boreal Forests: Ecological Role, Knowledge Needs and Mapping Using Remote Sensing, Sonja Kivinen, Elina Koivisto, Sarita Keski-Saari, Laura Poikolainen, Topi Tanhuanpää, Anton Kuzmin, Arto Viinikka, Risto K. Heikkinen, Juha Pykälä, Raimo Virkkala, Petteri Vihervaara, and Timo Kumpula; Forest Ecology and Management

Link

Methods for Distinguishing Aspen Seedlings from Suckers in the Field, Mark R. Kreider, Karen E. Mock, and Larissa L. Yocom; Journal of Forestry

Link

Long Term Persistence of Aspen in Snowdrift-Dependent Ecosystems, Alec M. Kretchun, Robert M. Scheller, Douglas J. Shinneman, Benjamin Soderquist, Kaitlin Maguire, Timothy E. Link, and Eva K. Strand; Forest Ecology and Management

Link

Long Term Persistence of Aspen in Snowdrift-Dependent Ecosystems, Alec M. Kretchun, Robert M. Scheller, Douglas J. Shinneman, Benjamin Soderquist, Kaitlin Maguire, Timothy E. Link, and Eva K. Strand; Forest Ecology and Management

Link

To Compete or Defend: Linking Functional Trait Variation With Life-History Tradeoffs in a Foundation Tree Species, Eric L. Kruger, Ken Keefover-Ring, Liza M. Holeski, and Richard L. Lindroth; Oecologia

PDF

Genomic Insights into Speciation History and Local Adaptation of an Alpine Aspen in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau and Adjacent Highlands, Jia-Lang Li, Lin-Ling Zhong, Jing Wang, Tao Ma, Kang-Shan Mao, and Lei Zhang; Journal of Systematics and Evolution

Link

Region-Wide Patterns and Drivers of Demographic Rates for a Foundation Tree Species Along Its Dry Range Margin, Jacob Andrew Macdonald

Link

Quaking Aspen (Populus tremuloides) Growth Rate within the Black Hills of South Dakota, Zach Mergen, Carin J. Corley, Grace Kostel, and Daryl E. Mergen; Proceedings of the South Dakota Academy of Science

Link

Topographic, Edaphic and Climate Influences on Aspen (Populus tremuloides) Drought Stress on an Intermountain Bunchgrass Prairie, Andrew Neary, Ricardo Mata-González, and Heidi Schmalz; Forest Ecology and Management

Link

Host Tree Species Mediate Corticolous Lichen Responses to Elevated CO2 and O3 After 10 Years Exposure in the Aspen-FACE System, Howard S. Neufeld and Fern S. Perkins; Science of The Total Environment

Link

Climate Sensitive Growth Models for Predicting Diameter Growth of Western Canadian Boreal Tree Species, Felix O. Oboite and Philip G. Comeau; Forestry: An International Journal of Forest Research

PDF

Pando Clone Recovery: Repeat Photos 2014-2019, Mary O'Brien and Marc Coles-Ritchie

Link

Snowmelt Timing Impacts on Growing Season Phenology in the Northern Range of Yellowstone National Park Estimated from MODIS Satellite Data, Christopher Potter; Landscape Ecology

Link

The Diminishing Pando Clone: History and Forest Management, Jedediah Rogers

Link

Aspen Growth Response in the Presence of Inter-Annual Climate Fluctuation and Disturbance in the Lake Tahoe Basin, Keath K. Sakihara

Link

Aspen-Dominated Forest Response to Drought in the Lake States, Julia Kay Schwager

PDF

Drought- Conditioning of Quaking Aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) Seedlings During Nursery Production Modifies Seedling Anatomy and Physiology, Joshua L. Sloan, Owen T. Burney, and Jeremiah R. Pinto; Frontiers in Plant Science

Link

Blow to the Northeast? Intraspecific Differentiation of Populus davidiana Suggests a North‐Eastward Skew of a Phylogeographic Break in East Asia, Xinya Song, Richard I. Milne, Xiaoyan Fan, Siyu Xie, Lei Zhang, Honglei Zheng, Liqiang Fan, Jae Min Chung, Myong Gi Chung, Tao Ma, Xiaoting Xu, Jing Wang, and Kangshan Mao; Journal of Biogeography

Link

Genetic Characterization and Comparison of Three Disjunct Populus tremuloides Michx. (Salicaceae) Stands Across a Latitudinal Gradient, Luke R. Tembrock, Joe E. Stevens, Andrea Schuhmann, and James A. Walton; Natural Resource Report NPS/NRSS/IMD/NRR

PDF

Patterns for Populus spp. Stand Biomass in Gradients of Winter Temperature and Precipitation of Eurasia, Vladimir Andreevich Usoltev, Baozhang Chen, Seyed Omid Reza Shobairi, Ivan Stepanovich Tsepordey, Viktor Petrovich Chasovskikh, and Shoaib Ahmad Anees; Forests

Link

Canopy Processing of N Deposition Increases Short‐Term Leaf N Uptake and Photosynthesis, but Not Long‐Term N Retention for Aspen Seedlings, Xin Wang, Bin Wang, Chengzhang Wang, Zhenhua Wang, Jing Li, Zhou Jia, Sen Yang, Ping Li, Yuntao Wu, Shengnan Pan, and Lingli Liu; New Phytologist

Link

Beaver as Agents of Plant Disturbance, Cherie J. Westbrook; Plant Disturbance Ecology: The Process and the Response

PDF

Tremblings, August 2020, Western Aspen Alliance

PDF

Tremblings, February 2020, Western Aspen Alliance

PDF

Tremblings, May 2020, Western Aspen Alliance

PDF

Tremblings, November 2020, Western Aspen Alliance

PDF

Simulated Fire Behavior and Fine-Scale Forest Structure Following Conifer Removal in Aspen-Conifer Forests in the Lake Tahoe Basin, USA, Justin P. Ziegler, Chad M. Hoffman, Brandon M. Collins, Jonathan W. Long, Christa M. Dagley, and William Mell; Fire

2019

Link

Cougars and Bears and Wolves, Oh Elk!, Julie Angle and Beth Taylor; Science Scope

Link

Linking Plant Genes to Insect Communities: Identifying the Genetic Bases of Plant Traits and Community Composition, Hilary L. Barker, Jennifer F. Riehl, Carolina Bernhardsson, Kennedy F. Rubert-Nason, Liza M. Holeski, Pär K. Ingvarsson, and Richard L. Lindroth; Molecular Ecology

PDF

Beaver and Aspen: Synergy Among Keystone Species, Stephen N. Bennett, Nicolaas Bouwes, and Paul C. Rogers; WAA Briefs

Link

Trophic Cascades and Yellowstone’s Aspen: A Reply to Fleming (2019), Robert L. Beschta, Luke E. Painter, and William J. Ripple; Forest Ecology and Management

Link

Large Carnivore Extirpation Linked to Loss of Overstory Aspen in Yellowstone, Robert L. Beschta and William J. Ripple; Food Webs

PDF

Genetic and Spatial Structuring of Populus tremuloides in a Mixed-Species Forest of Southwestern Utah, USA, Matthew Bishop, Tucker J. Furniss, Karen E. Mock, and Jim A. Lutz; Western North American Naturalist

PDF

Remote Sensing of Ploidy Level in Quaking Aspen (Populus Tremuloides Michx.), Benjamin Blonder, Bente J. Graae, Burke Greer, Marja Haagsma, Kenny Helsen, Rozália E. Kapás, Henry Pai, Jolanta Rieksta, Dillon Sapena, Christopher J. Still, and Richard Strimbeck; Journal of Ecology

Link

How Climate Change Might Affect Tree Regeneration Following Fire at Northern Latitudes: A Review, Dominique Boucher, Sylvie Gauthier, Nelson Thiffault, William Marchand, Martin Girardin, and Morgane Urli; New Forests

PDF

Impacts of Climate and Insect Herbivory on Productivity and Physiology of Trembling Aspen (Populus tremuloides) in Alaskan Boreal Forests, Melissa A. Boyd, Logan T. Berner, Patricia Doak, Scott J. Goetz, Brendan M. Rogers, Diane Wagner, Xanthe J. Walker, and Michelle C. Mack; Environmental Research Letters

Link

Limiting Factors of Aspen Radial Growth Along a Climatic and Soil Water Budget Gradient in South-Western Siberia, Felix Bredoire, Zachary E. Kayler, Jean-Luc Dupouey, Delphine Derrien, Bernd Zeller, Pavel A. Barsukov, Olga Rusalimova, Polina Nikitich, Mark R. Bakker, and Arnaud Legout; Agricultural and Forest Meteorology

Link

Limiting Factors of Aspen Radial Growth Along a Climatic and Soil Water Budget Gradient in South-Western Siberia, Félix Brédoire, Zachary E. Kayler, Jean-Luc Dupouey, Delphine Derrien, Bernd Zeller, Pavel A. Barsukov, Olga Rusalimova, Polina Nikitich, Mark R. Bakker, and Arnaud Legout; Agricultural and Forest Meteorology

Link

Long‐Term Understory Vegetation Dynamics of Mixed Aspen Forests in Rocky Mountain National Park, USA, Mario Bretfeld, Scott B. Franklin, and Robert K. Peet; Journal of Vegetation Science

Link

Multidecadal Change in Aspen Experiencing Long-Unburned, Mixed-Severity Wildfire, and Reburn Disturbance Regimes, Cerena Brewen

Link

Relative Importance of Biotic and Abiotic Factors Influencing Aspen Recruitment in Arizona, Matthew J. Clement, Larisa E. Harding, Richard W. Lucas, and Esther S. Rubin; Forest Ecology and Management

Link

Chemical Defense Over Decadal Scales: Ontogenetic Allocation Trajectories and Consequences for Fitness in a Foundation Tree Species, Olivia L. Cope, Eric L. Kruger, Kennedy F. Rubert-Nason, and Richard L. Lindroth; Functional Ecology

Link

Pests, Climate and Competition Effects on Survival and Growth of Trembling Aspen in Western Canada, Francesco Cortini and Philip G. Comeau; New Forests

Link

Pests, Climate and Competition Effects on Survival and Growth of Trembling Aspen in Western Canada, Francesco Cortini and Philip G. Comeau; New Forests

PDF

Drought and Freezing Vulnerability of the Isolated Hybrid Aspen Populus x smithii Relative to Its Parental Species, P. tremuloides and P. grandidentata, Nicholas J. Deacon, Jake J. Grossman, and Jeannine Cavender-Bares; Ecology and Evolution